Prescription and motive
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Motive (tho): time horizon
English doing this for … and for the sake of … name a motive: why the action is happening, as a description, not a should. Write /th/ on the clause with the sake root, mid-word th, o, then an ending. That ending is the time horizon, on the same settled-to-passing scale as met: whether the act serves the sake over time or right away. If you do not know, use -m. To say this is the usual reason, add hual after the motive word (…thom plus hual).
zuwen vezuyol thawethom.z-speaker | v-tell | th-relatedness-motive-any-term
"I talk to feel connected."
The reason is yours. On someone else's act, a motive word still names what the act serves for you: zazozon vezuyol thawethom is Azozon talks, and to me it is about feeling connected. It does not say why Azozon talks; their reasons are in their mind, and Ageben has no way to say a reason belongs to whoever is acting.
Not the same job as: prescription the, which says the act ought to serve this sake. tho describes why the act is happening: doing it for this sake.
On /ɡ/, the same stance gives your noun’s purpose (my gift for relatedness).
For other English for, use:
- an intended event (walks so that Alazun sits): so that (
hovam), not a sake - the other side of a swap (a book for a hammer): exchange (
heham) - acting for someone (tells on behalf of Alazun): proxy (
hanem)
A reason held to keep a cost off is a so that … not dependent (so that, hovam blurl), as with prescription.
| Ageben | Use | English | Cue |
|---|---|---|---|
…thol | does this for the sake over time | lasting | -l ≈ lasting |
…thom | does this for the sake; time horizon unstated (soft default if unknown) | for | -m ≈ open |
…thor | does this for the sake right away | immediate | -r ≈ right now |
Neither end is better; a good day needs both, and doing something for a payoff right now is often exactly what is needed. When the situation is what pulls the reason, say so with the because pole and the situation as /b/.
Which ending table?
Beginner already used serves and detracts from. Intermediate adds ought this act for and doing for. Pick the ending table that matches the stance vowel. The vowel says how much of the sake is in.
| Ageben | Use | English | Cue |
|---|---|---|---|
tha | time horizon endings | serves / met | a ≈ the payoff is in |
the | invited / offered / trial endings | ought this act for this sake | e ≈ only the advice |
tho | time horizon endings | doing for this sake | o ≈ doing-for |
thu | changeability endings | detracts from / unmet | u ≈ none of the sake |
Attachment sites
Beginner already attached /ɡ/ after a noun and /th/ on the clause for met and unmet. The rest of the map:
| Ageben | Use | English |
|---|---|---|
g…tha… after a noun | praise: your noun serves the sake | my gift (serves relatedness) (gawetha…) |
g…thu… after a noun | criticism: your noun detracts from the sake | my book (detracts from competence) (guwathu…) |
g…tho… after a noun | your noun’s purpose is this sake | my gift for relatedness (gawetho…) |
/w/ sake + goyom | the same stances on a noun that is not yours | the gathering (detracts from autonomy) (wunathu… goyom) |
/w/ sake + another adjective | the stance on that one property | pleasantly hot (wodetham gohamul) |
gl- + sake word | the same adjective before the belonging | glawethal zewal |
th…tha… on the clause | the event serves the sake | tells: competence is met (thuwatha…) |
th…the… on the clause | prescription: the act ought to serve the sake | ought … for this sake (thawethe…); ending = invited / offered / trial |
th…tho… on the clause | motive | I talk (to feel connected) (thawetho…) |
/w/ before a sake /ɡ/ | extra detail on that adjective | very relatedness-serving |
Prescription the goes on /th/ only: it is about an act, and a noun is not an act. For what a noun is for, use tho. On the, use -l for an invitation, -m for an offer, and -r for a trial. On thu and tho, prefer -m when you cannot tell which ending fits.
For several sakes, write several /ɡ/ or /th/ words (guwathal gawethal), one sake each. The noun or verb the sake word describes keeps its own ending, which says whether it is concrete or abstract.
A /w/ word before a sake word on /ɡ/ grades that adjective. A /w/ sake word immediately before goyom is the sake itself.
zuwen vezuyol thuwathal thawethom.z-speaker | v-tell | th-competence-met-lasting | th-relatedness-motive-any-term
"I talk to feel connected, and it builds my confidence for the long run."
Whose stake
A sake word with no /b/ is about your sake. To say it is someone else's, put that person in a bl- word right after the sake word. This works on every stance and every placement: met, unmet and motive on a noun, and met, unmet, prescription and motive on the clause.
This holds on someone else's act too. zazozon vezuyol thawetham is Azozon talks, and that helps me feel connected: what the act serves is your stake, as you see it. A /b/ names whose stake the act serves, not whose reason it is.
zazozon vezuyol thawethom blalazun.z-Azozon | v-tell | [th-relatedness-motive-any-term | bl-Alazun]
"Azozon talks for Alazun's sake." (Alazun's relatedness)
zalazun vabuyol thawethem blazozon.z-Alazun | v-bow | [th-relatedness-ought-offered | bl-Azozon]
"Alazun ought to bow, for Azozon's relatedness." (unasked advice)
zewal gawethal blalazun.z-present | [g-relatedness-met-lasting | bl-Alazun]
"My gift serves Alazun's relatedness in the long term."
zabowam wawethul goyom blalazun.z-gathering | [[w-relatedness-unmet-irreversible | g-stimulus] | bl-Alazun]
"The gathering does lasting harm to Alazun's relatedness."
The /b/ names whose stake it is, not who owns the noun. On /ɡ/ the noun is still yours: zewal gawethal blalazun is my gift, good for Alazun. Someone else's thing is gegunum plus /b/, or goyom.
Compare with: the for hook (ol balazun) names who the act is for without naming which sake.
Contrary to a stance (uom)
English contrary to the plan says that the event happens even though a plan says otherwise. Put the hook uom contrary to right before a /th/ stance word or an intention adverb. That word then says what the event goes against, and it no longer applies to the claim. zazozon vowurol thagom. says you plan for Azozon to walk; zazozon vowurol uom thagom. says Azozon walks anyway. (cue: uo ≈ contrary; -m the opposing frame, which the stance spells out)
zazozon vowurol uom thagom.z-Azozon | v-walk | [contrary-to | th-plan-itinerary]
"Azozon walks, contrary to my plan."
The stance keeps its endings. A plan after uom is your own, like any stance.
Only the stance right after uom is what the event goes against. A stance anywhere else in the clause still applies to the claim:
zazozon vowurol uom thagom thomam.z-Azozon | v-walk | [contrary-to | th-plan-itinerary] | th-MAY
"Azozon may be walking, contrary to my plan."
The word after uom has to say something the event can go against: a plan.
After uom | English |
|---|---|
plan thagor / thagom / thagol | contrary to my plan |
Sake words cannot follow uom: to say an act goes against someone's interest, put an unmet sake word on the clause (zazozon vowurol thudathum blalazun. Azozon's walking harms Alazun's interests).
Compare with: despite the rain is uom or hezem with a noun in /b/ (zazozon vowurol uom berulal.). Although Alazun said no as a full sentence is hezem blarl plus that sentence. The sentence after blarl needs an event or a thing, so a stance word alone cannot fill it; use uom with the stance instead.
Enough and too (sake bars)
English enough and too much compare an amount with what a need requires. Write a met sake word on /th/ as the bar right before a rank join: it stands for what that sake needs, and the rank join compares the amount with it. The equal-rank join zoel is enough. Rank zol is too much, and zuol is not enough. Use the unspecified sake uda when you do not name which sake.
zedudal thudatham zoel gral.[z-tea | th-sake-met-any-term | z-equal-rank | g-amount]
"There is enough tea."
zedudal thudatham zol gral.[z-tea | th-sake-met-any-term | z-rank/more | g-amount]
"There is too much tea."
zedudal thudatham zuol gral.[z-tea | th-sake-met-any-term | z-rank/less | g-amount]
"There is not enough tea."
The bar keeps its time-horizon ending, which now says how long the payoff has to last: thudathal is enough to last, and thudathar is enough for now.
zedudal thudathar zoel gral.[z-tea | th-sake-met-immediate | z-equal-rank | g-amount]
"There is enough tea for now."
Name a sake to say which need sets the limit. With a quality as the scale, the same pattern gives too ADJ and ADJ enough. To say whose stake it is, put that person in a bl- word right after the bar.
zedudal thobatham zol gohamul.[z-tea | th-physical-met-any-term | z-rank/more | g-hot]
"The tea is too hot to be safe."
zedudal thobatham blalazun zol gohamul.[z-tea | [th-physical-met-any-term | bl-Alazun] | z-rank/more | g-hot]
"The tea is too hot for Alazun's health."
On the time scale, a sake bar is too late and too early:
zazozon thudatham zuol bral vevorol.[z-Azozon | th-sake-met-any-term | z-rank/less | b-later] | v-arrival
"Azozon arrives too early."
| Ageben | Use | English |
|---|---|---|
met sake bar + zoel | reaches what the sake needs | enough / ADJ enough |
met sake bar + zol | past what the sake needs | too much / too ADJ / too late |
met sake bar + zuol | short of what the sake needs | not enough / too early |
| bar ending -l / -m / -r | how long the payoff has to last | enough to last / enough / enough for now |
bl- word right after the bar | whose stake | too hot for Alazun |
Compare with: the same met word after the fence is about the whole claim: zedudal zol gohamul thobatham is the tea is the hottest, and that serves my health.
Practice
Short drills for Intermediate. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a monastery
New words:
| English | Ageben | Cue |
|---|---|---|
| pray | vabuyal | 🙏 |
| kneel | vanuvel | 🧎 |
| candle | agewol | 🕯️ |
| purpose | urol | 🧭 from compass: a heading worth following |
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| relatedness | awel |
| speaker | uwen |
| physical | obal |
| heavy | arolem |
| sit | vehohel |
| sleep | vezuvel |
| PLAN | thagom |
English → Ageben
1. I kneel for a quick sense of purpose.
Show answer
zuwen vanuvel thurothor.
z-speaker | v-kneel | th-purpose-motive-immediate
2. Ahelan prays for Alazun's relatedness in the long term.
Show answer
zahelan vabuyal thawethol blalazun.
z-Ahelan | v-pray | [th-relatedness-motive-lasting | bl-Alazun]
3. I sit for a lasting sense of purpose.
Show answer
zuwen vehohel thurothol.
z-speaker | v-sit | th-purpose-motive-lasting
4. The candle is too heavy to be safe.
Show answer
zagewol thobatham zol garolem.
[z-candle | th-physical-met-any-term | z-rank/more | g-heavy]
Ageben → English
1. zazozon vabuyal thawethom.
Show answer
z-Azozon | v-pray | th-relatedness-motive-any-term
Azozon prays, and to me it is about feeling connected.
2. zagewol gawethol.
Show answer
z-candle | g-relatedness-motive-lasting
My candle is for relatedness in the long term.
3. zalazun vezuvel uom thagom.
Show answer
z-Alazun | v-sleep | [contrary-to | th-plan-itinerary]
Alazun sleeps, contrary to my plan.
Pick one
1. I kneel to feel connected. (my reason for kneeling) zuwen vanuvel thawethom. or zuwen vanuvel thawethem.
Show answer
zuwen vanuvel thawethom.
z-speaker | v-kneel | th-relatedness-motive-any-term
tho gives your reason; the would say you ought to kneel.
Fix it
1. My candle serves relatedness. zagewol thawetham.
Show answer
zagewol gawetham.
z-candle | g-relatedness-met-any-term
A belonging's sake word is /ɡ/ after the noun; on /th/ it is about an event, here just the candle being there.