Predication (classification and identity)
English is does two jobs that look alike. You can say someone is a kind or role (Uzozen is a dog): they belong in that category. You can also say two names pick out the same one (Olazun is Uzozen): one person under two labels, not a category. Agebon uses a different word pattern for each.
On this page
Property (is ADJ)
You already write a property on /ɡ/ after the noun (a blue dog). When you say someone is that quality (Uzozen is challenging), you use the same pair with no verb. You do not add a separate is; the name plus the /ɡ/ word already make the sentence. The /ɡ/ word is the piece English would put after is.
zuzozen gamahum.z-Uzozen | g-challenge
"Uzozen is challenging."
A /ɡ/ word after the verb does not describe the subject the way tired does in English arrived tired. Give the state its own sentence instead (zolazun godamul. zalamur velurul.).
The same string is also the noun plus its adjective: zuzozen gamahum is both the full sentence Uzozen is challenging and the phrase challenging Uzozen.
To say someone belongs to a country or tradition (Japanese), use the -m ending, not the name ending -n. -n names the country itself (Japan), and -m says you belong to it.
zuzozen gazabanam.z-Uzozen | g-japanese
"Uzozen is Japanese."
Kind / role
To say someone is a kind of thing or has a role (Uzozen is a dog), put the kind word on /ɡ/ right after the noun. It is the same pattern as a quality, again with no word for is: the /ɡ/ word is what English puts after is a.
This use is called classification: it puts someone in a category rather than describing a quality.
zuzozen gudozol.z-Uzozen | g-dog
"Uzozen is a dog."
Compare with: A dog walks uses a noun plus a verb (zudozol vowurel). When the subject is that kind, keep the kind on /ɡ/.
In the middle of an event
Some roots name an event (walk, fight, sing). On /ɡ/, such a root says the noun is in the middle of that event, as the one doing it: English walking. The ending picks the sense as always, so -l is the everyday event and -m its abstract sense (gavuvum, struggling).
zuzozen gowurel.z-Uzozen | g-walk
"Uzozen is walking."
After a noun it works like any adjective. The event is under way at the time the sentence talks about, so the dog below is walking while Uzozen sees it.
zuzozen dudozol gowurel vawebol.z-Uzozen | [d-dog | g-walk] | v-see
"Uzozen sees a walking dog."
Only a sense that is an event reads this way. A thing root stays a kind (gudozol, is a dog), even when English has a verb from the same picture.
Compare with: the verb in zuzozen vowurel. reports the walking without saying it is under way.
Existence (a lone noun)
To say that something exists or is here (English there is …), write the noun alone, with no verb and no /ɡ/ word after it.
zudozol.z-dog
"There is a dog."
The same holds with a /ɡ/ word after the noun, when the noun is new: a common noun, or one of a name on -ln, but not a name on -n or a resumed noun on -r. The pair introduces the thing: there is a G Z.
zudozol gelazom.z-dog | g-big
"There is a big dog."
With a name or a resumed noun, the listener already knows the thing, so the /ɡ/ word is a property: zuzozen gamahum. is Uzozen is challenging, and zudozor gelazom. is The dog is big.
An object (/d/) needs a verb, so a noun plus a /d/ word with no verb is not a sentence.
Compare with: zudozol vowurel. says what the dog does. zuzozen gudozol. puts Uzozen in a kind.
Identity (SAME)
When two names pick out the same person or thing (Olazun is Uzozen), you are not putting Olazun in a kind. You are saying the two labels match: they are one individual.
Write the special adjective gorol after the first name, then an extra noun (/b/) for the other label. Keep gorol and that /b/ word next to each other. This pair states identity. The adjective’s English name is SAME; its root is oro. (cue: 🪙 coin: two faces, one substance)
zolazun gorol bluzozen.z-Olazun | [g-SAME | bl-Uzozen]
"Olazun is Uzozen." (one person, two names)
zagayul gorol bluzozen.z-guard | [g-SAME | bl-Uzozen]
"The guard is Uzozen."
The second label is a /b/ whatever it is: a common noun or a pronoun works as well as a name.
zagayul gorol blobayel.z-guard | [g-SAME | bl-police]
"The guard is the police officer."
zagayul gorol bluwon.z-guard | [g-SAME | bl-speaker]
"The guard is me."
With no /b/ after it, gorol points back to the one already mentioned: the same one again. Put gorol after the thing.
zolazun danal gorol varayel.z-Olazun | [d-book | g-SAME] | v-write
"Olazun is writing the same book." (the book already mentioned)
Compare with: Uzozen is a dog uses kind / role (gudozol). Use SAME when two labels name one person.
Practice
Short drills for Beginner. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a passport office
New words:
| English | Agebon | Cue |
|---|---|---|
| police | obayel | 👮 |
| page | ebonel | 📄 |
| Japanese | azabanam | 🇯🇵 from Japan flag: belonging takes -m |
| challenge | amahum | ⛰️ from mountain |
| SAME | orol | 🪙 from coin: two faces, one substance |
Review:
| English | Agebon |
|---|---|
| Uzozen | uzozen |
| Olazun | olazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| listener | awan |
| guard | agayul |
| angry | unemul |
| very | welazom |
| peek | vebemel |
| run | varuvel |
| see | vawebol |
English → Agebon
1. Uzozen is a guard.
Show answer
zuzozen gagayul.
z-Uzozen | g-guard
2. Ahelan is Japanese.
Show answer
zahelan gazabanam.
z-Ahelan | g-japanese
3. Olazun is very angry.
Show answer
zolazun welazom gunemul.
z-Olazun | [w-very | g-angry]
4. The police officer is Uzozen.
Show answer
zobayel gorol bluzozen.
z-police | [g-SAME | bl-Uzozen]
5. There is a page.
Show answer
zebonel.
z-page
6. Olazun is peeking.
Show answer
zolazun gebemel.
z-Olazun | g-peek
Agebon → English
1. zuzozen gobayel.
Show answer
z-Uzozen | g-police
Uzozen is a police officer.
2. zolazun gamahum.
Show answer
z-Olazun | g-challenge
Olazun is challenging.
3. zagayul gorol blolazun.
Show answer
z-guard | [g-SAME | bl-Olazun]
The guard is Olazun.
4. zobayel garuvel.
Show answer
z-police | g-run
There is a police officer running.
5. zahelan debonel gorol vawebol.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | [d-page | g-SAME] | v-see
Ahelan sees the same page. (the page already mentioned)
6. yol zolazun gorol blawan.
Show answer
y-question | z-Olazun | [g-SAME | bl-listener]
Are you Olazun?
Pick one
1. Olazun is Japanese. zolazun gazabanam. or zolazun gazabanan.
Show answer
zolazun gazabanam.
z-Olazun | g-japanese
Belonging to a country takes -m; -n names the country itself.
2. The guard is angry. (the guard already mentioned) zagayul gunemul. or zagayur gunemul.
Show answer
zagayur gunemul.
z-←guard | g-angry
After a known guard, the /ɡ/ word is a property; zagayul gunemul. introduces one: there is an angry guard.
Fix it
1. Olazun is Uzozen. (one person, two names) zolazun guzozen.
Show answer
zolazun gorol bluzozen.
z-Olazun | [g-SAME | bl-Uzozen]
A word on /ɡ/ puts Olazun in a kind; two names for one person take gorol and the other name in /b/.
See also
- Scalar as ADJ as / comparative property clauses: comparatives.md
- Complex
/ɡ/+/b/: clause.md - Negation / single-item packaging on properties: joins.md