Label scope
Reminder:
Intermediate sections assume you have read the beginner sections of every page.
On this page
Classification packaging
You already put a kind on /ɡ/ after the name (Azozon is a dog). The extra choice here is how firmly the kind holds: hedge it, say it holds at every time, or deny it. The kind word stays on /ɡ/. Add a hedge on /w/ before it (sort of), hual after the pair (always), or gul after it (not).
zazozon godozel gul.z-Azozon | [g-dog | g-not]
"Azozon is not a dog."
| Ageben | Use | English |
|---|---|---|
/w/ hedge before the classifying /ɡ/ | soft / hedged class | Azozon is something of a dog / a dog, sort of |
zazozon godozel hual | characterizing / habitual | Azozon is always a dog |
zazozon godozel gul | negation | Azozon is not a dog |
zazozon wayurom godozel.z-Azozon | [w-degree | g-dog]
"Azozon is something of a dog."
Related form: habitual always uses hual.
Related form: not a dog uses negation u (gul).
Commands to be ADJ
A command can ask for a state as well as an act. Put the command word yol before a /ɡ/ word with no verb: the listener is the unstated subject, and the pair reads be ADJ!, as a verbless statement does.
yol guyulom.y-command | g-caution
"Be careful!"
The /ɡ/ word takes the verb's place in the usual order, so it comes first. Name the listener after it to address one person (yol guyulom zawan), or use the verb root for the doing (yol vuyulom, take care). yul turns the same pair into don’t be ADJ.
SAME endings
Beginner already used gorel (is the same as). Its other ending finishes the map.
| Ageben | Use | English |
|---|---|---|
| -l | stand behind the match (closed) | is (the same as) |
| -m | leave the match open | same for our purposes / basically |
| Ageben | English |
|---|---|
zalazun gorel blazozon | Alazun is Azozon (the same person) |
zalazun gorem blazozon | Alazun is basically Azozon |
zalazun gorel blazozon gul | Alazun is not Azozon (not the same person) |
zeyel gorel blazozon | inside a noun phrase: the person who is Azozon |
Compare with: ordinary coin as a noun is zorel. Identity is gorel / gorem plus a following /b/ label, kept next to each other.
Practice
Short drills for Intermediate. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a museum gallery
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| SAME | orel |
| guard | agayul |
| quiet | ugowul |
| angry | onumul |
English → Ageben
1. Azozon is not a guard.
Show answer
zazozon gagayul gul.
z-Azozon | [g-guard | g-not]
2. Be quiet!
Show answer
yol gugowul.
y-command | g-quiet
3. Alazun is basically Azozon.
Show answer
zalazun gorem blazozon.
z-Alazun | [g-same | bl-Azozon]
Ageben → English
1. zalazun gagayul hual.
Show answer
[z-Alazun | g-guard] | h-always
Alazun is always a guard.
2. yul gonumul.
Show answer
y-prohibition | g-angry
Don't be angry!
3. zahelan gugowul hual.
Show answer
[z-Ahelan | g-quiet] | h-always
Ahelan is always quiet.
Pick one
1. Azozon is not the same person as Alazun. zazozon gorel blalazun gul. or zazozon gorem blalazun.
Show answer
zazozon gorel blalazun gul.
z-Azozon | [[g-SAME | bl-Alazun] | g-not]
gul denies the match; gorem says they are basically the same.
What changes
1. zalazun gorel blazozon. / zalazun gorem blazozon.
Show answer
z-Alazun | [g-SAME | bl-Azozon]
z-Alazun | [g-same | bl-Azozon]
-l stands behind the match. -m leaves it open: they are the same for our purposes.