Whose view
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Whose view (holder)
English Azozon thinks…, she's upset, and he doubts it report what is in someone else's mind as if you could see it. In Ageben, you name whose view a sentence gives (the holder) by joining their name onto a channel or MAY. Keep that word's own last letter (-l, -m, or -r) and write the name straight after it: theyom plus azozon is theyomazozon. The joining letter is the seam. This is the only way to name a holder, so you can never report someone's view without saying how you know it. (cue: the name hangs off the way you know it)
zalazun theyomazozon vudurul.z-Alazun | th-CLUES-Azozon | v-departure
"I gather Azozon thinks Alazun left."
zalazun thebamazozon vudurul.z-Alazun | th-REPORTED-Azozon | v-departure
"I hear Azozon thinks Alazun left."
zalazun thomamazozon vudurul.z-Alazun | th-MAY-Azozon | v-departure
"Maybe Azozon thinks Alazun left."
The seam letter keeps its meaning: evidence strength on a channel, the hold on MAY. The name keeps its own -n at the end. -n is never a seam.
zalazun theyolazozon vudurul.z-Alazun | th-CLUES.strong-Azozon | v-departure
"I have strong clues that Azozon thinks Alazun left."
zalazun thebarazozon vudurul.z-Alazun | th-REPORTED.weak-Azozon | v-departure
"Rumor has it Azozon thinks Alazun left."
A holder carries forward like a channel. After it, your bare claims go on giving that person's view, until a new frame, so you can tell a stretch of the story as they see it.
zalazun theyomazozon vudurul. zalazun vezuvel.z-Alazun | th-CLUES-Azozon | v-departure . z-Alazun | v-sleep
"I gather Azozon thinks Alazun left. Alazun is asleep." (the sleeping is Azozon's view too)
The holder word ends the way a noun for that person would. -n is a name. -r resumes someone already named, which is English he / she / they. Add associative -x after the ending for the person and their associates. A kind of person on -lx is some people of that kind. A tag never goes in the seam, since the seam letter before its w would end a syllable mid-word. For a holder you don't name, name the kind of person: zalazun theyomeyel vudurul. is I gather someone thinks Alazun left.
zazozon vowurol. zalazun theyomazozor vudurul.z-Azozon | v-walk . z-Alazun | th-CLUES-←Azozon | v-departure
"Azozon walks. I gather they think Alazun left."
zalazun theyomazozonx vudurul.z-Alazun | th-CLUES-Azozon-x | v-departure
"I gather Azozon and co. think Alazun left."
zalazun theyomeyelx vudurul.z-Alazun | th-CLUES-person-x | v-departure
"I gather some people think Alazun left."
The holder may be the topic pronoun, whoever the conversation is about now, or the generic pronoun, the generic view. The generic pronoun takes no -x.
xazozon theyomalen zalazun vudurul.x-Azozon | th-CLUES-TOPIC | z-Alazun | v-departure
"Now, about Azozon: I gather Azozon thinks Alazun left."
theyomeyen zalazun vudurul.th-CLUES-ONE | z-Alazun | v-departure
"I gather one would think Alazun left."
Someone else's plan goes the same way. PLAN alone is yours; after a holder it is theirs, and the seam word says how you know what they plan. After uom (contrary to a stance), write the holder word, then the plan, for against their plan.
zazozon thebamazozon thagom vowurol.z-Azozon | th-REPORTED-Azozon | th-plan-itinerary | v-walk
"I hear Azozon plans to walk."
zazozon theyomalazun thagom vowurol.z-Azozon | th-CLUES-Alazun | th-plan-itinerary | v-walk
"I gather Alazun plans for Azozon to walk."
The seam word keeps its /b/ source like any channel. A schedule is not a forecast: it is a plan you know from a record, so put the record in /b/:
zazozon thebalazozon blagorol thagom vezuyol.z-Azozon | [th-REPORTED.strong-Azozon | bl-calendar] | th-plan-itinerary | v-tell
"Going by the official calendar, Azozon plans to speak."
zazozon vowurol uom theyomalazun thagom.z-Azozon | v-walk | [contrary-to | th-CLUES-Alazun | th-plan-itinerary]
"Azozon walks, against Alazun's plan, as far as I can tell."
Someone else's motive goes the same way. A motive word alone names what the act serves for you; it does not say why the actor does it. After a holder, the motive is the holder's, and the seam word says how you know their reason.
zazozon vezuyol thawethom theyomazozon.z-Azozon | v-tell | th-relatedness-motive-any-term | th-CLUES-Azozon
"I gather Azozon talks to feel connected."
The seam word is yours; the rest of the clause is the holder's. The word that carries the name says how you know about the holder's view: you inferred it, heard it, or guess it. You claim nothing about whether the holder is right, and nothing about your own view. Everything else in the clause, wherever it sits, belongs to the holder:
| In the clause | With no holder | With a holder |
|---|---|---|
| The event | you assert it | what the holder takes to be so; you do not assert it |
| MAY, CAUSE poles, PLAN, prescription | yours | the holder's |
| Sake words and emotion compose, with their endings | your stake and feeling | the holder's stake and feeling |
A /ɡ/ sake's my reading (personal possession) | your belonging | the holder's belonging |
| Another evidential | how you know | how the holder knows |
The grounds after an inferring or pattern host's blarl | grounds you assert | the holder's grounds; you do not assert them |
| A comparison bar | your expectation | the holder's expectation |
zonal wawethumel goyom blalazun theyomazozon.[z-memo | [[w-relatedness-unmet-modifiable-AIMED-STILL | g-stimulus] | bl-Alazun]] | th-CLUES-Azozon
"I gather Azozon resents Alazun over the memo, holding it in."
zalazun theyomazozon thugem vudurul.z-Alazun | th-CLUES-Azozon | th-LIVE | v-departure
"I gather Azozon is watching Alazun leave."
A feeling with no object works the same way: the holder makes it someone else's feeling.
thuwathuruer theyomalazun.th-competence-unmet-passing-UNPLACED-SURGING | th-CLUES-Alazun
"I gather Alazun is anxious."
With the interlocutors as holder, the view is one you both share. On MEMORY this is the history you both know, so a sweeping never or always covers only the times you both remember:
zawan vebal hal thevumayan.z-listener | v-hear | h-never | th-MEMORY-interlocutors
"From what I remember of what we both saw, you've never listened."
MEMORY says the claim rests on your memory, and the holder says the view is one you both share. You can't know the listener's memory, only claim the view is shared, and the listener can answer with a memory of their own. ham thevumayan adds as far as I know.
Pronouns and speech moves stay yours: uwen is still you, and the sentence is still your turn. The holder's view is their view now. A channel with a holder still takes its own /b/, so thebamazozon blral is I hear Azozon expects it. A holder is not a source: a source in /b/ is where a claim came to you from, and the claim stays yours to pass on; a holder makes the claim the holder's view.
One clause, one holder. The holder covers its clause and any dependent sentence inside it; a new /x/ sentence is yours again unless it has its own seam word. A dependent with its own seam word switches holder for that sentence only. That is how you take a stance on someone else's stance: your stance in the main sentence, theirs in a dependent.
wawethum goyom zarl zalazun wawethum goyom theyomazozon.[w-relatedness-unmet-modifiable | g-stimulus] | z-that-clause | [z-Alazun | [w-relatedness-unmet-modifiable | g-stimulus]] | th-CLUES-Azozon
"It sits badly with me that, as I gather, Alazun sits badly with Azozon."
The first sake word has no holder, so it is yours. The second is Azozon's.
Only the seven channels and MAY take a holder: they are the ways you can have access to someone else's view. When they told you in their own words, a cite keeps their wording instead.
Compare with: being upset for Azozon is your own feeling about Azozon's stake (the ON-BEHALF locus in emotion compose); with a holder the feeling is Azozon's. On behalf of Azozon is proxy (hanem). A /b/ on permission or consent names someone who granted or agreed openly, not a holder whose mind you report. A dictionary compound also joins with an ending letter, but it is a listed word; the holder seam is built on the spot, and only after these closed hosts.
Practice
Short drills for Intermediate. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a witness stand
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| CLUES | theyom |
| REPORTED | thebam |
| MAY | thomam |
| departure | vudurul |
| scream | veyamul |
| sleep | vezuvel |
| tell | vezuyol |
English → Ageben
1. I gather Azozon thinks Alazun has left.
Show answer
zalazun theyomazozon vudurul.
z-Alazun | th-CLUES-Azozon | v-departure
2. I hear Ahelan thinks Alazun screams.
Show answer
zalazun thebamahelan veyamul.
z-Alazun | th-REPORTED-Ahelan | v-scream
3. Maybe Azozon thinks Alazun is asleep.
Show answer
zalazun thomamazozon vezuvel.
z-Alazun | th-MAY-Azozon | v-sleep
Ageben → English
1. zahelan thebamazozon vezuyol.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | th-REPORTED-Azozon | v-tell
I hear Azozon thinks Ahelan told.
2. zalazun thomamahelan vudurul.
Show answer
z-Alazun | th-MAY-Ahelan | v-departure
Maybe Ahelan thinks Alazun has left.
3. zazozon theyomalazun veyamul.
Show answer
z-Azozon | th-CLUES-Alazun | v-scream
I gather Alazun thinks Azozon screams.
Pick one
1. Maybe Alazun thinks Ahelan is asleep. zahelan thomamalazun vezuvel. or zahelan thomam blalazun vezuvel.
Show answer
zahelan thomamalazun vezuvel.
z-Ahelan | th-MAY-Alazun | v-sleep
The holder is the name joined onto the channel, not a /b/ source.
Fix it
1. I hear Azozon thinks Alazun screams. zalazun thebam blazozon veyamul.
Show answer
zalazun thebamazozon veyamul.
z-Alazun | th-REPORTED-Azozon | v-scream
A holder is the name after the channel's last letter, not a /b/ word.