Numbers

Count and rank with number words. A whole numeric value is one word, even when it contains several digit groups (or none).

On this page

• Beginner
  • Counts (g+N)
  • Ordinals (g#N)
  • Saying it aloud
  • More than one (g+)
  • Translation practice
• Intermediate
  • Word shape
  • Parts of speech on numbers
  • Marker vowel (referential identity)
  • Number endings
  • Digitless
  • Exponents
  • Writing (preferred shorthand)
  • Starter examples
  • Number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse
  • Bare OoM decade bands
  • From the end — end-relative ordinal marker #- / eu
  • Ordinal generation — digitful exponent on # / #-
  • Percent, digit-strings, time
  • Style (numeric vs spelled)
  • Measure phrases and ranges
  • Examples inventory
  • Translation practice
• Advanced
  • Ambient magnitude (casual)
  • Digitless exponents
  • Numeric derivation (compounds)
  • Spoken group stress
  • Translation practice
• See also

Beginner

Count and rank with a /ɡ/ number word after the noun. Write the short form (g+3, g#2) and say the full spoken word. Saying it aloud gives the whole recipe on this band.

Counts (g+N)

g+3 = three on the preceding noun. Same slot as other adjectives.

`zagadalsh g+3.`

gloss: `z-cat-sh` · `g-three`

*Three cats.*

+ = how many.

Ordinals (g#N)

g#2 = the second on the preceding noun.

`zabogol g#2.`

gloss: `z-book` · `g-second`

*The second book.*

# = which place (rank from the start).

Saying it aloud

A spoken number word is PoS sound + marker syllable + digit syllables + ending. On this band you need two marker syllables:

Marker	Spoken	Written	Mnemonic
count	ra	+	a add: how many
rank	re	#	e order: which place

Digits are spoken as remapped CV syllables (current vowels; preferred voiced consonants):

Digit	Syllable	Digit	Syllable
1	wo	6	gu
2	du	7	le
3	re	8	ha
4	mo	9	na
5	va	0	zo

The default ending is exact -l, spoken as its own final syllable. Assemble left to right:

• g+3 → g + ra + re → grarel (three)
• g#2 → g + re + du → gredul (the second)
• g+20 → g + ra + du zo → graduzol (twenty)
• digitless g+ → g + ra + l → gral (more than one)

Everything on this band uses ra / re plus the digit table above. More marker syllables are Intermediate.

More than one (g+)

Digitless g+ = the count is more than one, without naming N. Group-reference on the noun still uses -sh. Quantity and group are different jobs and may co-occur (zagadalsh g+).

`zagadalsh g+.`

gloss: `z-cat-sh` · `g-more-than-one`

*Cats — more than one.*

Empty after + is a plural amount. English some cats (an unnamed member) is a different job: use the noun ending, not this number word.

Translation practice

Short drills on this Beginner band. Try each item before opening Show answer. Count with g+N, rank with g#N, and use digitless g+ with -sh on the noun for more than one.

Roots used here: azawa / ululo / uhubu · agada cat · odogo dog · abogo book · ohohu house · eje see · uwuru write

English → Agalan

1. Three cats.

Show answer

zagadalsh g+3.

2. The second book.

Show answer

zabogol g#2.

3. Cats — more than one.

Show answer

zagadalsh g+.

4. Two dogs.

Show answer

zodogolsh g+2.

5. The first house.

Show answer

zohohul g#1.

6. Azawan sees three books.

Show answer

zazawan dabogolsh g+3 vejel.

7. More than one cat.

Show answer

zagadalsh g+.

8. Ululon writes the third book.

Show answer

zululon dabogol g#3 vuwurul.

Agalan → English

1. zagadalsh g+3.

Show answer

Three cats.

2. zabogol g#2.

Show answer

The second book.

3. zagadalsh g+.

Show answer

Cats — more than one.

4. zohohulsh g+2.

Show answer

Two houses.

5. zagadal g#1.

Show answer

The first cat.

6. zuhubun dagadalsh g+ vejel.

Show answer

Uhubun sees more than one cat.

7. zazawan dodogolsh g+3 vejel.

Show answer

Azawan sees three dogs.

8. zululon dabogol g#1 vuwurul.

Show answer

Ululon writes the first book.

Intermediate

Word shape, other prefixes, number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse, writing marks, and style.

Word shape

Speech always uses one full CV word. You already know role letter + marker + digits + ending. Intermediate fills in the other markers, exponents (the order of magnitude piece before the ordinary digits, called the mantissa), endings, and number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse.

[PoS] + r + V + ( [exponent?] [mantissa digits?] )* + [ending]

1. PoS: same prefix inventory as elsewhere; roles for number words below.
2. Number marker: consonant r plus a vowel V (see Marker vowel). V is usually a single vowel; end-relative ordinals use digraph eu. The PoS+r cluster is a number-only letter-cluster exception.
3. Zero or more digit groups: each group is an optional exponent and optional mantissa digits (at least one of the two when the group is present, except a digitless exponent group is ba/bu alone). Digits sit next to each other with no x. Sign, when it applies, is once for the whole word (Sign). No groups = digitless of that marker identity, or digitless -r resume.
4. Ending: -l / -m / -n / -r with number-specific meanings.

Writing for free number words uses a preferred shorthand for the marker and body (g+3, g+, g#-2). Speech is always the full CV form.

Related form: group reference uses ordinary nouns with -sh.

Parts of speech on numbers

The number word takes whichever role letter the slot needs. Referential prefixes (/ɡ/, /z/, /d/, /b/) use the marker as-is; the role letter only chooses the slot. Number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse is below.

Prefix	Role with a number
/ɡ/	modifier — the number describes the preceding noun (three cats, the second page, room 12). Goes after the noun, like other adjectives.
/z/	subject — the numeric value, digit-string, or rank is the subject.
/d/	direct object — the number is the object (common for digit-strings / codes being dialed, entered, stated).
/b/	extra noun — the number fills the /b/ slot of a complex adjective or adverb (of size 12, host on + channel/label, host at + time when a relation is named, …). Bare clock uses /h/ + ro; bare date uses /h/ + roe (written h_#…) (Time).

Degree and “aboutness” of a quantity use number endings (especially -m for approximate), not a /w/ grader on the number.

Digit-strings (ro…) usually take the argument role the clause needs (often /d/). Ordinals that modify a noun use /ɡ/; an ordinal used as a standalone rank uses /z/, /d/, or /b/ as appropriate.

Marker vowel (referential identity)

V encodes what kind of number this is: count/amount (scalar), rank (ordinal), or digit-string (label). For scalars, V also carries the sign of the whole number (a positive, u negative). Forward ordinal e aligns with rank join e (rank). End-relative ordinal eu is a separate marker.

V	Writing	Referent	Mnemonic	Examples
a	+	Positive scalar (count or measure amount)	a add	g+3 three cats; g+ plural / more than one; z+3 three (subj); b+12 of size 12
u	-	Negative scalar	u undo	d-3 −3 (obj); z- some negative amount; g-2 signed measure on a noun
e	#	Ordinal / rank from the start (same-generation cohort when exp omitted; see also digitful generation)	e order	g#2 the second page; g# some rank; z#2 second (rank as subject)
eu	#-	End-relative ordinal: rank from the end of the same cohort	order from the far edge	g#-2 2nd from the end / penultimate; g#-1 ≡ last place end-framed (from the end); g#- some end-relative rank
o	_	Digit-string / label (phones, IDs, “read the digits”)	o one string	d_555,123,4567; d_ some code; g_12 room 12-style; b_… under a host relation

One word, one identity. In preferred writing, the marker is + / - / # / #- / _. Write end-relative as #- after PoS (or after an ending mark): g#-2. Writing the minus before the hash (g- then #2) would look like scalar - then ordinal.

Date writing uses digit-string _ with calendar-ordinal vowel oe (spoken roe, written _#…): h_#22,7,2026 on 22 July 2026. Clock time uses ro / h_15,30. See Time.

Sign

Identity	How sign works
Scalar (a / u, written + / -)	Sign is V. Multi-group scalars share one sign for the whole word (e.g. −1 000 265 004 is one ru word).
Forward ordinal (e, written #)	Direction from the start
End-relative ordinal (eu, written #-)	Direction from the end. Digits are the count-back index (#-1 = last, end-framed).
Digit-string (o, written _)	Unsigned. Labels have no minus sign after _.

Number endings

Number endings have their own jobs (exact / about / conventional / resume). Speech keeps the ending letter; preferred writing uses a second-slot mark after PoS (same glyphs as span fences).

Ending	Meaning	Preferred writing
-l	Exact, newly stated (default)	(none) — g+3, g+
-m	Approximate / non-literal (“about N”)	~ after PoS — g~+3, g~+
-n	Conventional designation (titles, official labels, the Second…)	@ after PoS — g@#2, g@+1e
-r	Resume of a previously stated number, code, or rank	= after PoS — g=+, x=#2, d=_

-r may be digitless: marker + -r alone resumes the prior value of that identity without restating digits (g=+ = that (scalar) amount again; d=_ = that code again; g=# = that rank again). Digits + -r still fine when you want to name which prior item (x=#2 = as in (2) above). Match the marker to the resumed identity (g=+ for a prior scalar). = stands alone: no stack with ~ / @.

Digitless

A number word may omit every digit group: role letter + marker + ending only. The marker still fixes what kind of number this is. With -l / -m / -n, the magnitude (or label/rank payload) is unspecified as in the table below. With -r, the word is digitless resume only: a prior value of that identity.

Marker	Writing	Digitless sense	Partition / notes
ra	…+ (etc.)	Unspecified positive scalar, specialized to plural count / amount >1	Complements …+0 (zero), …+1 (one), …+N (exact N≥2).
ru	…-	Unspecified negative scalar (some negative amount; deficit of unnamed size)	Exact negatives stay …-N.
re	…#	Unspecified rank from the start (some nth / some place)	Exact ranks stay …#N.
reu	…#-	Unspecified end-relative rank (some nth from the end)	Exact end-relative ranks stay …#-N.
ro	…_	Unspecified digit-string / label (some code; a label)	Exact labels stay …_….

Noun -sh marks that a referent is a group (indefinite group introduction stays -lsh / -msh). Digitless ra marks that a count/amount is >1 without naming N. They may co-occur (zagadalsh g+3).

Phrase zar / zor / … pick an unspecified member of an inventory. Digitless number -r resumes a prior numeric value. Digitless number -l (etc.) introduces a digitless amount of that marker.

/v/ /h/ /j/ /x/ inherit the same emptiness (marker identity → role reading, payload unspecified):

Prefix	Digitless examples
/ɡ/ /z/ /d/ /b/	g+ plural / more than one (on a noun); z- some negative amount (subj); b# of some rank; b#- of some end-relative rank; d_ some code (obj)
/v/	Unspecified amount under the verb sense: v+ increase; v- decrease; v# take / assign some rank; v#- take some end-relative place; v_ enter / dial some code. Soft: v~+ increase a bit; v~- decrease a bit
/h/	Unspecified amount under the adverb sense: h+ multiple times; h- ÷ / into some number of parts; h# for some nth time; h#- for some nth-from-last time; h_ at some clock or date (bare hro unspecified when; a stated date uses hroe / h_#…). Soft: h~+ a few times; h~- ÷ a bit / into a few parts
/j/	j+ More!; j- Short! / down by some amount!; j# Nth! (place cheer, rank unnamed); j#- Nth-from-last!; j_ …! (unspecified score / code call). Soft: j~+ a bit more!
/x/	x# some point: (neutral, number unnamed); x#- some end-relative point:; x+ / x- corroborating / independent item of unnamed index; x_ regarding some (unnamed) label

Digitless time h_ is a number word (unspecified clock or date under bare hro). A date with fields uses roe / h_#… (Time). Restrictor har (sometime) is the restrictor.

Exponents

Within each digit group, speech markers build ordinary magnitudes (Advanced specials use the same markers with empty exponent digits):

Marker	Role
ba	Positive exponent, followed by the exponent’s digits
bu	Negative exponent, followed by the exponent’s digits
ja	After exponent digits when a mantissa follows (not a digit)
je	Decimal point (not a digit)
jo	Percent closer — percent
ju	Percentage-point closer — percent

• The exponent comes before the group’s mantissa digits.
• If a mantissa follows the exponent, say ja after the last exponent digit, then the mantissa. Example: 27e12 → ba + wo + du + ja + du + le.
• Bare order of magnitude (exponent only, no mantissa): use ba/bu + exponent digits and omit ja. Example: e9 → ba + na. Decade-band readings: Bare OoM.
• Ordinary magnitudes usually omit exponent 0: write g+3. Named e0 / ambient magnitude: Ambient magnitude.
• Default order of magnitude uses engineering notation: exponents are usually multiples of 3 (e.g. 27e6).
• Decimal point: say je after the digit(s) left of the point; digits after je are the fractional part.
• Write the base unit plus exponent or exact count on the amount (measure phrases).

Writing (preferred shorthand)

Speech always uses the full CV grammar above (marker as r+V; ending as -l / -m / -n / -r). For free number words, writing prefers shorthand for the ending, marker, and body. Which surface to use when (shorthand vs spelled CV) is style. Speech is always full CV; either writing names the same word.

[PoS] + [~|@|=]? + [marker] + [body?]

Ending marks (second slot, after PoS)

Same glyphs and jobs as span-fence marks (~ soft / @ proper). Resume uses = (spans use interior =: d[=]).

Mark	Speech ending	Job	Examples
(none)	-l	exact (default)	g+3, g+, x#2, d_555,123,4567
~	-m	approximate / soft	g~+3, g~+, g~+27e6, g~#e
@	-n	conventional	g@#2, g@+1e, x@#e
=	-r	resume	g=+, d=_, x=#2, g=#1e

Order when both @ and ~ apply: @ then ~. Spell @ only, with uncertain tonality (same hedge habit as spans). = stands alone. Full phonetic spelling with a trailing ending letter (e.g. grarel, gram) is the style default for numeric derivation. On free number words it is a pronunciation gloss, not preferred in running text.

Marker (not written as r+V)

Symbol	Speech	Meaning
+	ra	Positive scalar
-	ru	Negative scalar
#	re	Ordinal (from the start)
#-	reu	End-relative ordinal (from the end)
_	ro	Digit-string

Place the identity symbol immediately after any ending mark (or after PoS when exact), before the body (or alone when the body is empty): g+3, g~+3, g=+, d_555,123,4567, d=_, g@#2, g#-2, g~#-2. Marker #- is one identity (two glyphs). After bare _, labels stay unsigned (Sign).

Body

Speech	Preferred writing
(no digit groups)	(empty after marker) g+, g~-, g=#, g=#-, h_
Digit syllables (wo…zo)	Arabic 0–9
ba / bu (+ ja when a mantissa follows)	e / e- (engineering, scientific, or ordinal generation)
ba / bu with no digits (digitless exp)	e / e- with no power digits — specials g+e, g+e-; zero×digitless g+0e, g+0e-, g#0e; hyperbole g+1e, g+1e-, g#1e, g#1e-
named exp 0 (bare OoM / assert)	e0 — ones band g+e0; assert g+3e0 / g#e0 (omit still usual when ones/current is clear; ambient)
mantissa 0 + digitful e-1 (engineering null)	0e-1 — g+0e-1 / g-0e-1 only
je	.
jo	%
ju	%*

Commas separate digit groups for readability (preferred for multi-group values). Commas are orthographic only; they are not spoken and do not change the word. Digitless forms have no commas.

For long values, break into digit groups of at most three mantissa digits (plus their exponents); all groups still sit in one word after a single marker.

Starter examples

Prefer shorthand in free slots. Speech is always the full CV form.

Value	Writing	Reading
plural / more than one	g+	more than one (digitless ra)
three (modifier)	g+3	three (on a noun)
three (subject)	z+3	three
−3 (object)	d-3	−3
second (modifier)	g#2	the second
about 3	g~+3	approximate (-m)
that amount again	g=+	digitless -r resume
room 12	g_12	digit-string label

Full inventory tables: examples.

Number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse

/v/ /h/ /j/ /x/ keep marker identity but add a role-specific reading. Referential prefixes (/ɡ/ /z/ /d/ /b/) use the marker as-is — marker vowel.

Number as verb (by marker)

/v/ + number inherits the marker’s identity, so the action type follows V.

Marker	Verb sense
ra	Add N / increase by N — transitive add N of (object) / increase (object) by N; intransitive grow by N when the patient is clear from context.
ru	Remove N / decrease by N — transitive remove N of (object) / decrease (object) by N; intransitive shrink by N.
re	Take / assign rank N (from the start) — intransitive place Nth / come in Nth; transitive put (object) in Nth place / rank as Nth.
reu	Take / assign Nth-from-end place — intransitive place Nth from the end / come in penultimate (etc.); transitive put (object) Nth from the end.
ro	Enter / dial / input that digit-string — type the code, dial the phone number, key the ID. Object (if any) is the channel or device; the digits are in the verb.

To set a quantity to an absolute value, use an ordinary verb plus the number as argument or adverb. Multiply and divide stay ordinary verbs plus the number as /h/ (h+N / h-N). With percentage points (ju), ra / ru as verbs mean increase/decrease by that point amount.

Endings still apply (-m ≈ about that amount/code/rank, -r resume — including digitless v=+ / v=_, etc.).

Number as adverb (by marker)

/h/ + number inherits the marker’s identity, so the adverbial role follows V.

Marker	Writing	Adverb sense
ra	h+N	Multiplicative / factor — N times; ×N; by a factor of N (alone, or with ordinary multiply).
ru	h-N	Inverse / partition — ÷N; into N parts; 1/N as often; every Nth (alone, or with ordinary divide).
re	h#N	Nth occurrence of the event (from the start) — for the Nth time; on the Nth try (clause-event ordinal, not discourse list independence).
reu	h#-N	Nth-from-last occurrence — for the Nth-from-last time; the penultimate time (h#-2).
ro	h_…	Clock — at 15:30 (h_15,30). Date uses calendar-ordinal oe (written h_#…, spoken hroe): on 22 July 2026. Channel, frequency, and other codes use a host relation + /b/ (or /ɡ/ on a noun). See Time.

Worked examples: h+3 three times; h-3 ÷3 / into 3; h#3 for the third time; h#-2 for the penultimate time; h_15,30 at 15:30. Frequency codes sit on a host: /h/ on + b_101.1.

Endings still apply (-m ≈ about that many times / that clock or date, -r resume, including digitless h=+ / h=_). Relative %-change factors use h+… (e.g. ×1.5). See percent.

Number as interjection (by marker)

/j/ + number is an interjection (expressive call-out). Statement/ask speech act stays the closed set in the speech-act section. Number cheers sit in the left-edge /j/ cluster (before the act word, when a clause follows) or as a bare utterance with no act word.

Marker	Writing	Interjection sense
ra	j+N	Quantity addition — Three more!; Ten more! (add N to the relevant count / tally / order).
ru	j-N	Deficit / shortfall call — Three short!; Three fewer!; Down by 2!; −3! (mirror of j+).
re	j#N	Place / rank cheer (from the start) — First!; Second! (podium / place shout).
reu	j#-N	End-relative place cheer — Penultimate!; Last! end-framed (j#-1).
ro	j_…	Digit-label / magnitude call-out — Three!; B-12!; five-five-five!; score, bingo, code, or ID as a bare reading of the digits (not “N more”).

English Three! naming a score or count is j_. Three more! (increment the tally) is j+.

Worked examples: j_3 Three!; j+3 Three more!; j-3 Three short!; j#1 First!; j#-2 Penultimate!.

Endings still apply (-m fuzzy about three more!, -n conventional call name, -r resume a prior shout’s value, including digitless j=+ / j=_).

Number as discourse marker (by marker)

/x/ + number is a continue for numbered list items and label cites. Marker vowel encodes independence framing of the list item (or cite-as-label for ro). reu / #- marks end-relative place in the list. These sit outside the main-clause argument slots (/ɡ/ the second page, /h/ three times, /j/ cheers).

Marker	Writing	Discourse sense
re	x#N	Neutral point N — numbered item from the start, no independence framing (point N:, note N:, bare (N)).
reu	x#-N	End-relative point N — count back from the last agenda slot (Nth-from-end point:, penultimate item:). x#-1 ≡ x#e Finally: end-framed (Starting with the last one:). Writing x#-2 ≠ independent x-2.
ra	x+N	Corroborating item N — backs, restates, or same-directions an earlier item (corroborating N:, echoing N:). Legitimate for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or a related source—not a new line of support.
ru	x-N	Independent item N — a new line of support or consideration (independent N:, distinct N:). Would still matter if other listed items were gone.
ro	x_…	Cite a discourse label — agenda item, section code, slide, ticket id (digits as label, not independence framing) (regarding item 12; under 3.2).

Last point / Finally: x#e = Finally: / last point: (committed coda item). Soft x~#e = near-final; named x@#e = ritual / titled Finally; x=#e resumes that last-point marker. End-framed twin: x#-1. Extra items still use discourse reviser al (additionally: revisers.md).

Starting point / Starting with: x#e- = Starting with: / to begin: (committed opening item; beginning/onset framing). Soft x~#e- = near-start; named x@#e- = ritual / titled Starting with; x=#e- resumes that start-point marker. Numbered firstly stays x#1.

Nested agenda (digitful exp): under /x/, ordinal generation = outline depth relative to the focused agenda item — x#3e2 = 3rd sub-sub-point under the focus; x#e-1 = parent-layer item(s); x#e0 = current-layer item(s) (assert this outline level). Flat talks stay x#N / x#-N / landmarks.

Mantissa + digitless-exp discourse indices: x#1e umpteenth point: / x#1e- umpteenth-first point: (hyperbole). End-relative place stays x#-N. Imaginary x-e- is under digitless exponents.

Independence framing: # = unmarked inventory or steps (from the start); #- = end-relative inventory; + = corroborating; - = independent (new line of support). Ordinary firstly / secondly is x#N. Starting with without a numeric step count is x#e-; Finally without a numeric step count is x#e (or end-framed x#-1). For/against wording stays in ordinary wording or claim-level evidentiality.

Worked examples: x#2 point 2:; x#-2 penultimate item:; x+2 corroborating 2:; x-2 independent 2: (distinct from x#-2); x#e Finally:.

Endings still apply (-l newly stated item, -r as in (N) above or digitless x=# / x=#- / x=+ / …, -n titled item name, -m fuzzy around item N; on last-place x#e / x~#e / x@#e / x=#e and start-place x#e- / x~#e- / x@#e- / x=#e- as above).

Bare OoM decade bands

Bare order of magnitude (exponent digits, no mantissa) names the half-open decade band [10ᴷ, 10ᴷ⁺¹): that one decade, not every larger engineering step.

Form	Band	Gloss
g+e0	[10⁰, 10¹) = 1–9	ones (some amount in the ones place)
g+e1	[10¹, 10²) = 10–99	tens
g+e2	[10², 10³) = 100–999	hundreds
g+e3	[10³, 10⁴) = 1000–9999	thousands (e4 / e5 are tens/hundreds of thousands)
g+e6	[10⁶, 10⁷)	millions band only
g-e3	(−10⁴, −10³] polarity with ru	negative thousands band

Same under /z/ /d/ /b/. Soft g~+e3 ≈ about in the thousands band. Exact count inside a band uses a mantissa (g+4e3 = 4000), not bare OoM.

/v/ /h/ /j/ inherit the band as the verb/adverb magnitude: v+e3 increase by a thousands-band amount; h+e0 × a ones-band factor; j+e3 Thousands! (band cheer).

From the end — end-relative ordinal marker #- / eu

End-relative place uses marker eu (writing #-). Count back from last place within the same generation / cohort (exp omitted). Speech is reu + digits + ending (e.g. g#-2 → greudul). Digraph eu keeps this marker distinct from rank-join ue.

Form	Reading
g#-1	1st from the end — same referent as last-place g#e, framed as counting from the end (English Starting with the last one)
g#-2	2nd from the end / penultimate
g#-3	3rd from the end / antepenultimate
g~#-2	about 2nd from the end
g@#-2	conventional / titled penultimate (etc.)
g=#-2	resume that prior end-relative place
g#-	unspecified end-relative rank (zero groups)

g#2 = numbered 2nd (from the start); g#-2 = 2nd from the end; g#e = last as landmark; g#e- = start landmark (no mantissa). Hyperbole is gazillion; generation is ordinal generation.

/v/ /h/ /j/ /x/ inherit:

Form	Reading
h#-2	for the 2nd-from-last time / the penultimate time
v#-2	place / come in 2nd from the end
j#-2	Penultimate! / Second from last!
x#-1	1st-from-end point: / Starting with the last one: (counting twin of x#e Finally:)
x#-2	2nd-from-end point: / penultimate item:

Combine with digitful generation when needed: g#-3e2 = 3rd from the end in generation +2.

Ordinal generation — digitful exponent on # / #-

On forward # / re and end-relative #- / reu, a digitful exponent is not scalar power-of-ten. It is generation offset from the focused item (kinship, version line, nested outline, …):

Piece	Job
Marker # / #-	Count from the start / from the end within that generation’s cohort
Digitful exp eK / e-K	Generation +K (descendants / nested deeper) or −K (ancestors / enclosing layer)
Mantissa	Which slot in that cohort (omit mantissa = bare OoM: the generation as a whole)
Exp omitted	Same generation as the focus (g#3 = 3rd peer) — formal default
Named e0	Assert current generation (gen 0) — parallel to scalar OoM-0 assert; usually redundant when omit already means current, but cancels casual “ambient generation” elision

Form	Reading
g#3	3rd of the focus’s own generation (from the start)
g#-3	3rd of the focus’s own generation (from the end)
g#3e0	3rd of the current generation, exp asserted (gen 0)
g#e0	current generation cohort as a whole (member unspecified)
g#3e2	3rd from the start in generation +2 (e.g. 3rd in the grandchild cohort)
g#3e-2	3rd from the start in generation −2 (e.g. 3rd in the great-grandparent cohort)
g#-1e2	last of generation +2 (end-framed within that cohort)
g#e2	generation +2 cohort as a whole (member unspecified)
g#e-1	generation −1 / parent layer (member unspecified)
g#1e-1	1st of generation −1 (often the parent when the cohort is singleton-framed)

Landmarks g#e / g#e- (no mantissa) are telos / origin of the axis. Hyperbole g#1e / g#1e- is hyperbole. Rank wiped is g#0e. Grandparent-style generation uses g#e-2 / g#1e-2. Engineering null is scalar g+0e-1.

Number as discourse: /x/ treats generation as agenda nesting (x#3e2 = 3rd sub-sub-point under the focus; x#e0 = current-layer item(s) / assert this outline level). /h/ / /v/ / /j/ inherit the same product (for the 3rd time in gen +2, place 3rd in gen +2, …) when the series is generation-structured; flat event counts stay h#N.

Derivation: free generation is series-relative. Kind morphs keep digitless ROOTx#e- / ROOTx#e as origin / telos of the kind (numeric-derivation.md).

Percent, digit-strings, time

Percent / percentage points, digit-string labels, and clock / calendar time: numbers-applied.md.

• Percent and percentage points
• Digit-strings
• Time

Style (numeric vs spelled)

Both writings name the same word. Choose the surface by job: quantity/math vs ordinary lexicon.

Job	Prefer	Why
Free number in a clause slot	shorthand	g+3, x#2, d_… — numeral as numeral
Numeric derivation / kind morph	spelled CV	zolovexrabal, not zolovex+el
Inventory tables in grammar docs	shorthand	patterns like ROOTx+e stay scannable

Prefer shorthand for counts, measures, ranks, ranges, thresholds (zagadalsh g+3, z+3 z+5 zel); digit-strings / times / codes (d_555,123,4567, h_15,30); scientific / engineering register (g+5.2e-4, g+0e-1, g+e3); compact agenda markers (x#1, x#3e2); and docs that teach the numeral system.

Prefer spelled CV for anything after mid-word x on a content root (lexicon citation forms always spelled); lexicalized morphs treated as affixes (essence / void / quasi / poly / digit morphs / zero×exp on ROOT); literary, sung, or long prose where + # _ and second-slot ~/@/= break word rhythm; and pronunciation teaching.

Write free numbers with second-slot marks or trailing letters consistently. Derived words use ordinary reference endings on the host with a fully spelled NUM.

Gray zone (either OK): discourse Finally / Starting with (x#e / x#e- vs xrebal / xrebul — lean spelled in prose, shorthand in outlines); digitless plural (g+ / gral); cheers (j+e / jrabal); soft free specials when hedging a discourse particle rather than a quantity.

Not the same job as: derived NUM (no second-slot ~/@/=). Free numbers take those marks.

Writing defaults: (1) free numeral → shorthand by default; (2) content-root derivation → spelled CV by default; (3) shorthand in derivation tables is schematic only.

Measure phrases and ranges

Measure phrases and numeric ranges: numbers-applied.md.

• Measure phrases
• Ranges

Examples inventory

Preferred writing first; speech sketches show structure (exact -l unless noted). Digits in speech use the digit table.

Value	Preferred writing	Speech sketch
plural / more than one	g+	gral (g + ra + l — digitless)
about several (>1)	g~+	gram
+∞	g+e	grabal (g + ra + ba + l — digitless exp)
arbitrarily large but finite	g~+e	grabam
one gazillion (hyperbole)	g+1e	grawobal (ra + wo + ba + l)
absolute zero (totalized null)	g+0e	grazobal (ra + zo + ba + l — zero × exponent)
sterile / null-at-seed amount	g+0e-	grazobul (ra + zo + bu + l)
engineering null at OoM −1	g+0e-1	grabuwojazol (ra + bu wo ja zo + l)
engineering residue at OoM −1	g-0e-1	grubuwojazol (ru + bu wo ja zo + l)
rank annihilated / disqualified	g#0e	grezobal (re + zo + ba + l)
ones band (1–9)	g+e0	grabazol (ra + ba + zo + l — bare OoM)
three at asserted OoM 0	g+3e0	grabazojarel (ra + ba + zo + ja + re + l)
thousands band (1000–9999)	g+e3	grabarel (ra + ba + re + l)
current generation cohort	g#e0	grebazol (re + ba + zo + l — generation)
annihilate	v+0e	vrazobal
Annihilate!	j+0e	jrazobal
about a gazillion	g~+1e	grawobam
the Gazillion (proper name)	g@+1e	grawoban
one gazillionth	g+1e-	grawobul (ra + wo + bu + l)
the gazillionth / umpteenth	g#1e	grewobal (re + wo + ba + l)
about the gazillionth	g~#1e	grewobam
the gazillionth-first	g#1e-	grewobul (re + wo + bu + l)
2nd from the end / penultimate	g#-2	greudul (reu + du + l)
1st from the end / Starting with the last one	g#-1	greuwol (reu + wo + l)
3rd of gen +2	g#3e2	grebadujarel (re + ba + du + ja + re + l — generation)
gen −2 cohort	g#e-2	grebudul (re + bu + du + l)
for the gazillionth time	h#1e	hrewobal
for the penultimate time	h#-2	hreudul
Gazillionth!	j#1e	jrewobal
Penultimate!	j#-2	jreudul
umpteenth point:	x#1e	xrewobal
2nd-from-end point:	x#-2	xreudul
Starting with the last one:	x#-1	xreuwol
arbitrarily small but finite	g+e-	grabul (ra + bu + l)
−∞	g-e	grubal
last place	g#e	grebal
near last place	g~#e	grebam
start / beginning place	g#e-	grebul
near first place	g~#e-	grebum
Starting with:	x#e-	xrebul
Finally:	x#e	xrebal
increase without bound	v+e	vrabal
increase a lot but finite	v~+e	vrabam
nudge up	v+e-	vrabul
decrease without bound	v-e	vrubal
treat as imaginary	v-e-	vrubul
treat as imaginary (open)	v~-e-	vrubum
imaginary amount	g-e-	grubul (ru + bu + l)
imaginary amount (open)	g~-e-	grubum
as if	h-e-	hrubul
As if! / Imagine!	j-e-	jrubul
imagine that:	x-e-	xrubul
take last place	v#e	vrebal
take starting place	v#e-	vrebul
take 2nd from the end	v#-2	vreudul
some end-relative rank	g#-	greul
unbounded multiplicity	h+e	hrabal
many times but finite	h~+e	hrabam
a gazillion times	h+1e	hrawobal
unbounded duplicity	h+e-	hrabul
for the last time	h#e	hrebal
for the first time (onset)	h#e-	hrebul
To infinity!	j+e	jrabal
Finally!	j#e	jrebal
(finally, we're) starting!	j#e-	jrebul
some negative amount	z-	zrul
some rank	g#	grel
some code (object)	d_	drol
that (prior) scalar again	g=+	grar (digitless -r)
that (prior) code again	d=_	dror
increase (unspecified)	v+	vral
increase a bit	v~+	vram
multiple times	h+	hral
a few times	h~+	hram
at some clock/date	h_	hrol — unspecified when under bare hro; ≠ har
More!	j+	jral
3	g+3	grarel (g + ra + re + l)
−3	g-3	grurel (g + ru + re + l)
3 (as subject)	z+3	zrarel
−3 (as object)	d-3	drurel
of size 12	b+12	brawodul (b + ra + wo du)
room 12 (modifier)	g_12	growodul (g + ro + wo du)
139	g+139	graworenal (ra + wo re na)
27e12	g+27e12	grabawodujadulel (ra + ba wo du ja + du le)
e9 (bare)	g+e9	grabanal (ra + ba na; no ja)
50e-6	g+50e-6	grabugujavazol (ra + bu gu ja + va zo)
−1e9 −265e3 −4	g-1e9,265e3,4	grubanajawobarejaduguvamol — ru; groups: ba na ja wo · ba re ja du gu va · mo
$5860.04 → 5e3 + 860 + 4e-2	g+5e3,860,4e-2	grabarejavahaguzobudujamol — ba re ja va · ha gu zo · bu du ja mo
2nd	g#2	gredul; title-like the Second… may take -n (g@#2 / gredun)
penultimate	g#-2	greudul
about 27e6	g~+27e6	grabagujadulem (ba gu ja du le, ending -m)
phone 555-123-4567	d_555,123,4567	drovavavawoduremovagulel (d + ro + va×3 · wo du re · mo va gu · le + l)
scientific 5.2487083e-4	g+5.2487083e-4	grabumojavajedumohalezoharel (ra + bu mo ja + va je + du mo ha · le zo ha · re)
25%	g+25%	graduvajol (g + ra + du va jo + l)
25% of the cats	zagadalsh g+25%	host whole + /ɡ/ percent — denominator
about 3%	g~+3%	grarejom (ra + re jo + m)
−12.5%	g-12.5%	gruwodujevajol (ru + wo du je va jo)
100%	g+100%	grawozozojol (ra + wo zo zo jo; normal mantissa digits)
+2 pp	g+2%*	gradujul (ra + du ju)
about −1.5 pp	g~-1.5%*	gruwojevajum (ru + wo je va ju + m)
neutral point 1 / 2	x#1, x#2	xrewol, xredul (x + re + …)
end-relative point 2	x#-2	xreudul (x + reu + du)
corroborating item 3	x+3	xrarel (x + ra + re)
independent item 2	x-2	xrudul (x + ru + du) — ≠ x#-2
regarding agenda 12	x_12	xrowodul (x + ro + wo du)
as in (2) above (neutral)	x=#2	xredur (ending -r)
three times / ×3	h+3	hrarel (h + ra + re)
÷3 / every third	h-3	hrurel (h + ru + re)
at 15:30	h_15,30	hrowovarezol (h + ro + wo va · re zo) — bare hro = time
on July 22, 2026	h_#22,7,2026	hroeduduleduzodugul (h + roe + …) — calendar-ordinal roe = date
date July 22, 2026 (modifier)	g_#22,7,2026	groeduduleduzodugul (g + roe + …) — day, month, year
on 101.1 (frequency)	/h/ on + b_101.1	not bare h_…; host + /b/ digit-string
for the third time	h#3	hrerel (h + re + re)
Three! (label / score)	j_3	jrorel (j + ro + re)
Three more!	j+3	jrarel (j + ra + re)
Three short! / Three fewer! / −3!	j-3	jrurel (j + ru + re)
twenty-seven! (label)	j_27	jrodulel (j + ro + du le)
First! (place cheer)	j#1	jrewol (j + re + wo)

In a sentence, the PoS attaches to that single number word (see Parts of speech on numbers; e.g. direct-object digit-string: d_…). Prefer naming the whole as the host of a /ɡ/ jo percent (denominator: zagadalsh g+25%).

Translation practice

Short drills on this Intermediate band. Try each item before opening Show answer. Prefer shorthand (g~+3, g#-2, h_15,30). Sample PoS, endings, digitless number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse, and one time reading — not the whole inventory.

Roots used here: azawa / ululo / uhubu · agada cat · abogo book · ohohu house · elulu blue · awala walk · elebe sleep · eje see

English → Agalan

1. Three (as the subject) is blue.

Show answer

z+3 gelulun.

2. About three cats.

Show answer

zagadalsh g~+3.

3. Azawan sees −3.

Show answer

zazawan d-3 vejel.

4. Ululon walks three times.

Show answer

zululon vawalal h+3.

5. Three more!

Show answer

j+3.

6. Three! (score / label reading)

Show answer

j_3.

7. The penultimate book.

Show answer

zabogol g#-2.

8. Uhubun sleeps at 15:30.

Show answer

zuhubun velebel h_15,30.

Agalan → English

1. zagadalsh g~+3.

Show answer

About three cats.

2. z+3 gelulun.

Show answer

Three is blue.

3. zululon vawalal h+.

Show answer

Ululon walks multiple times.

4. j#1.

Show answer

First!

5. x#2 zululon vawalal.

Show answer

Point 2: Ululon walks.

6. zabogol g#-2.

Show answer

The penultimate book.

7. zuhubun velebel h_15,30.

Show answer

Uhubun sleeps at 15:30.

8. zazawan d=_ vejel.

Show answer

Azawan sees that code again.

Advanced

Digitless exponents, zero×exp, hyperbole, and related specials.

Ambient magnitude (casual)

In careful writing and speech, treat omitted exp as ones-place (g+3 = 3). Prefer an explicit exponent rather than a discourse-default decade.

Casually, measure-heavy talk may establish an ambient OoM (often an engineering e3 / e6 / …) and skip repeating exponents, so bare mantissas are heard at that ambient magnitude.

Named e0 asserts OoM 0 and cancels ambient inheritance:

In a stretch where ambient OoM = 3	Reading
g+3 (casual ambient)	three at ambient → often 3×10³
g+3e3	three at 10³ (exp explicit)
g+3e0	three at OoM 0 → 3×10⁰ = 3 (break out of ambient)
g+e0	ones-band amount (bare OoM), not ambient thousands

Ne0 is the normal assert form (any mantissa N≠0). Formal prose that never uses ambient still rarely needs e0; omit remains fine when ones-place is already clear.

Digitless exponents

A digit group may use an exponent marker (ba or bu) with no exponent digits. Readings depend on whether a mantissa is present (and, on ordinals, on ba vs bu):

Shape	Reading
ba/bu alone (no mantissa)	Special value: +∞ / −∞ / last place / start place / … (tables below)
Mantissa ≠0 + ba/bu∅	Hyperbole on scalars (N gazillion / N gazillionth); on ordinals both polarities (umpteenth late / umpteenth-first early). See hyperbole. End-relative place is marker #-.
Mantissa 0 + ba/bu∅	Zero × digitless exp: total null / sterile / residue specials

Writing: e = speech ba; e- = speech bu. Digitless means no power digits after that mark: g+e, g+1e, g+0e, g+e-, g+1e-. Bare / assert e0 writes power 0: g+e0, g+3e0 (not digitless).

Shape limits: one such group only in the word. Digitless exp sits alone (no extra real exp digits, percent closers, or further groups in the same word). Marker identity still applies. Derivation compounds may use digitless _ as infinite / landmark labels (ROOTx_e, ROOTx_e-, ROOTx_1e, …).

Special values — no mantissa

Referential (/ɡ/ /z/ /d/ /b/)

Form	Anatomy	Reading
g+e (etc.)	ra + ba∅ + -l	+∞
g~+e	ra + ba∅ + -m	arbitrarily large but finite
g+e-	ra + bu∅ + -l	arbitrarily small but finite
g-e	ru + ba∅ + -l	−∞
g~-e	ru + ba∅ + -m	arbitrarily large but finite (negative / deficit); against a bound: arbitrarily close but still short — (almost)
g#e	re + ba∅ + -l	last place / telos landmark (ultimate-descendant pole of the generation axis)
g~#e	re + ba∅ + -m	near last place
g#e-	re + bu∅ + -l	start / beginning place / origin landmark: first with emphasis on onset (the starting one, at the beginning). Numbered 1st stays g#1. Ultimate-ancestor pole
g~#e-	re + bu∅ + -m	near first place
g-e-	ru + bu∅ + -l	imaginary amount: as-if magnitude off the real commitment ledger (metaphorical, not complex-number math)
g~-e-	ru + bu∅ + -m	open imaginary — sort of imaginary / hedged as-if amount

Same under /z/ /d/ /b/ (z+e = +∞ as subject; d#e- = start-place as object; b+e- = of an arbitrarily small but finite amount; z-e- = imaginary amount as subject). Contrast g#1 = numbered first / 1st; g#e- = beginning/onset landmark.

Imaginary (g-e-): negative marker (ru) + digitless negative exponent (**bu∅), no mantissa. Completes the scalar special grid. Reading is metaphorical: a magnitude named as if it counted, without entering the real tally.

Psychological as-if (clause framed as pretensive / mind-only, with flexibility hold endings) uses spelled mood adade (commentary.md § Notional, e.g. hadadem). Free grubul / xrubul / hrubul / vrubul / jrubul stay amount, discourse imagine that:, manner as if, verb treat as imaginary, and cheer as interjection on the number grid.

Endings (no-mantissa specials):

Ending	Sense
-l	Exact special value (default): +∞ / −∞ / last place / start place / arbitrarily small but finite / imaginary as in the form table
-m on ba∅ (…em)	Arbitrarily large but finite on scalars (g~+e / g~-e); on ordinals (g~#e) = near last place
-m on bu∅ (…e-m)	Soft / approximate small on scalars (g~+e-); open imaginary on ru+bu∅ (g~-e-); on ordinals (g~#e-) = near first place
-n	Conventional designation of that special (named ∞ symbol, official last place / starting title, conventional imaginary label, …)
-r	Resume a prior special value of that marker+exp polarity (g=+e = that +∞ again; g=+e- = that start/small again; g=-e- = that imaginary amount again)

Number as verb and adverb

No-mantissa digitless-exp under /v/ and /h/ inherit special-value identity (∞ / last / start / micro) into the verb or adverb role. Soft -m parallels referential softs (a lot but finite / near last / …).

Scalars (ra / ru):

Form	Reading
v+e	increase without bound
v~+e	increase a lot but finite
v-e	decrease without bound
v~-e	decrease a lot but finite
v+e-	nudge up — increase by an arbitrarily small but finite amount
v-e-	treat as imaginary: frame the patient as make-believe / mind-only / not for the real tally
v~-e-	treat as sort of imaginary
h+e	unbounded multiplicity (× without bound / unboundedly many times)
h~+e	many times but finite
h+e-	unbounded duplicity (÷ without bound / into unboundedly many parts)
h~+e-	÷ a lot / into many parts, but finite
h-e-	as if / for the sake of argument — event under imaginary framing
h~-e-	open imaginary framing

Ordinals (re) — start/last landmarks:

Form	Reading
v#e	take / come in last place
v~#e	take / come in near last place
v#e-	take / come in starting place
v~#e-	take / come in near first place
h#e	for the last time
h~#e	for a near-last time
h#e-	for the first time (onset framing). Numbered h#1 stays a counted first.
h~#e-	for a near-first time

Soft/named/resume endings (~ / @ / =) apply as on other specials.

Number as interjection

No-mantissa digitless-exp under /j/ (interjection cheers):

Form	Reading
j+e	To infinity!
j~+e	To a huge (but finite) amount!
j#e	Finally! (place/coda cheer). Discourse x#e is Finally:
j~#e	Almost finally! / soft coda cheer
j#e-	(finally, we're) starting! (onset cheer). Discourse x#e- is Starting with:
j~#e-	soft onset cheer
j-e-	As if! / Imagine! / In theory! (imaginary cheer)
j~-e-	soft as if! / hedged imagine-cheer

Number as discourse

Under /x/, last-place x#e (and x~#e / x@#e / x=#e) = discourse Finally / last point, and start-place x#e- (and x~#e- / x@#e- / x=#e-) = discourse Starting with: / beginning. See Number as discourse marker. End-relative discourse points use x#-N. Imaginary discourse: x-e- = imagine that: / imaginary agenda point (side-track). Soft x~-e-; named x@-e-; resume x=-e-. Corroborating stays x+; independent stays x-.

Zero × exponent

Kind morphs on a ROOT are in numeric-derivation.md (ROOTx+0e, …). This section is the free, hostless number words: the same anatomy as standalone amounts / acts.

Forms that pair mantissa 0 with an exponent (digitless or the engineering e-1 pair). Soft / named / resume endings (~ / @ / =) apply as on other specials.

Referential (/ɡ/ /z/ /d/ /b/)

Form	Anatomy	Reading
g+0e	mantissa 0 + digitless ba	absolute zero / totalized null quantity — stronger than plain g+0
g+0e-	mantissa 0 + digitless bu	sterile / null-at-seed amount — emptiness at grain scale
g-0e	ru + mantissa 0 + digitless ba	absolute residue quantity — amount that will not totally wipe
g-0e-	ru + mantissa 0 + digitless bu	micro-residue amount
g+0e-1	mantissa 0 + digitful bu + exp 1	engineering null at OoM −1: amount wiped at scale 10⁻¹ (deci-null). Sterile digitless is g+0e-. Bare OoM is g+e-1.
g-0e-1	ru + mantissa 0 + digitful bu + exp 1	engineering residue at OoM −1 — irreducible leftover at that scale

Same under /z/ /d/ /b/ (z+0e = absolute-zero as subject; z+0e-1 = deci-null as subject).

Emptiness chain (amounts): g-e (−∞ deficit), g+0 (plain zero), g+0e (absolute zero), g+0e- (sterile micro-null), g+0e-1 (engineering null at 10⁻¹). Bare g+e0 is the ones decade band (1–9).

Scalars only for ±0e-1: engineering OoM-null is ra / ru. On ordinals, digitful exp is generation (g#0e-1 ≠ engineering; g#e0 = current generation). Ordinal zero×digitless g#0e = rank annihilated below.

Number as verb and adverb

Form	Reading
v+0e / v+0el	annihilate / wipe totally (hostless total null as act)
v+0e-	sterilize / null at the seed
v+0e-1	null at OoM −1 / wipe at deci scale
v-0e	leave irreducible residue / refuse total wipe
v-0e-	leave micro-residue
v-0e-1	leave residue at OoM −1
h+0e	zero times (totally) / annihilate repetition. Applicability never is restrictor hal.
h+0e-	sterile / grain-null multiplicity framing
h+0e-1	zero-times framing at OoM −1
h-0e	with irreducible residual repetition
h-0e-1	residual repetition at OoM −1

Ones-band / assert-e0 as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse are ordinary bare OoM / Ne0 (v+e0, h+3e0, …): Bare OoM / Ambient. Soft -m hedges (almost annihilate, almost deci-null, …).

Number as interjection

Form	Reading
j+0e	Annihilate! / Wipe it!
j+0e-	Sterilize! / Null the seed!
j+0e-1	Null at deci! / Wipe at 10⁻¹!
j-0e	Residue stands! / Won’t totally wipe!
j-0e-1	Deci-residue stands!

j+e0 = ones-band cheer (ordinary bare OoM).

Number as discourse

Discourse nesting uses generation (x#e0 = current-layer assert; x#3e2 = nested depth).

Ordinal rank annihilated (#0e)

Mantissa 0 + digitless ba under forward ordinal re / #. Numbered zeroth stays #0 (still a rung). Origin landmark is #e-. Current generation is #e0. Scalar absolute zero is +0e.

Form	Reading
g#0e	rank annihilated / disqualified / place wiped — unplaceable in the series
z#0e / d#0e / b#0e	same as subject / object / modifier
v#0e	disqualify / take annihilated place
h#0e	for a disqualified / struck turn
j#0e	Disqualified! / Rank wiped!

Soft -m hedges (near-disqualified, …). Free twin of derivation ROOTx#0e — numeric-derivation.md.

Free vs derived

Free	Derived (spelled)	Contrast
v+0el	vodoboxrazobal	hostless annihilate vs annihilate-the-score (kind)
g+0e	zedudaxrazobal	absolute-zero amount vs total-null credit-kind
g+0e-1	zedudaxrabuwojazol	deci-null amount vs kind nullified at OoM −1
g-0e-1	zedudaxrubuwojazol	deci-residue amount vs kind residue at OoM −1
g#0e	zazuduxrezobal	disqualified place vs disqualified-kind
v+0l	vodoboxrazol	ordinary zeroing / null-reset — weaker than …+0e

Free g+e0 / g+Ne0 are bare OoM / OoM assert on free numbers, not kind derivation morphs. Engineering OoM-null is ±0e-1.

Hyperbole — mantissa + digitless exponent

Mantissa digits ≠0 (ordinary count) plus digitless ba / bu = a hyperbolic magnitude on scalars (comic huge / tiny) and on ordinals (comic late / early place). Mantissa 0 + digitless is zero × exponent. Real powers of ten keep digitful exponents (g+1e9). Generation needs digitful exp (ordinal generation). End-relative place is marker #-.

Scalar (ra / ru)

Form	Reading
g+1e	one gazillion (committed hyperbolic huge)
g+3e	three gazillion
g+1e-	one gazillionth / vanishingly small hyperbole
g-1e	minus one gazillion (hyperbolic deficit)

Same under other referential PoS for scalars.

Ordinal umpteenth / umpteenth-first (re + ba∅ / bu∅)

Mantissa = how many joke-units of late (ba) or early (bu) rank. Still finite place hyperbole. Landmarks stay g#e / g#e-.

Form	Reading
g#1e	the gazillionth / umpteenth (comic late place — toward telos)
g#3e	the three-gazillionth
g~#1e	about the gazillionth / soft umpteenth
g#1e-	the gazillionth-first / comic early place (toward onset)
g#3e-	the three-gazillionth-first
g~#1e-	about the gazillionth-first

g#e is last place; g#e- is the start landmark; g#1 is numbered 1st; g#-2 is penultimate (from the end).

Endings on hyperbolic forms:

Ending	Sense	Example
-l	Committed hyperbole — speaker stands behind the joke magnitude	g+1e one gazillion; g#1e the gazillionth; g#1e- the gazillionth-first
-m	Soft / hedged hyperbole — about a gazillion, umpteen	g~+1e roughly a gazillion; g~#1e about the gazillionth
-n	Proper noun / proper designation — the hyperbolic numeral as a name (a building called the Gazillion, a title One Gazillion, the Gazillionth, …)	g@+1e; g@#1e
-r	Resume that prior hyperbolic amount or place (mantissa may repeat or drop when clear: g=+1e / g=+e; g=#1e / g=#e if the prior was this hyperbole)

/v/ /h/ /j/ /x/ (hyperbole) inherit freely:

Form	Reading
h+1e	a gazillion times
h#1e	for the gazillionth time
h#1e-	for the gazillionth-first time
v+1e	add a gazillion
v#1e	place / come in gazillionth / rank as umpteenth
v#1e-	place / come in gazillionth-first
j+1e	a gazillion more!
j#1e	Gazillionth! (comic late place cheer)
j#1e-	Gazillionth-first! (comic early place cheer)
x#1e	umpteenth point: / joke late agenda item
x#1e-	umpteenth-first point: / joke early agenda item

Digitless e/e- stays in its own group (no je / jo / ju stacked in that group).

Numeric derivation (compounds)

PoS-less number stems may follow mid-word x on an ordinary content root (ROOTx+e, ROOTx_12, ROOTx_e, ROOTx+1e, …). That family is derivation (essence, coded subtype, infinite labels, hyperbole-ROOT, …): numeric-derivation.md; family cues in x-compounds.md. Running-text examples prefer spelled CV (zolovexrabal). See writing style.

Spoken group stress

Ordinary spelling carries no stress mark (phonology). On number words, stress shows internal structure:

• Digitless numbers (marker + ending only): stress the marker syllable (ra / ru / re / reu / ro). For reu, stress the first vowel of the digraph (e).
• Each digit group stresses its last digit: the last exponent digit when the group has an exponent, even when a mantissa follows; otherwise the last mantissa digit. A group with no digits at all (bare ba / bu) stresses the marker itself.
• That group-final stress is also the spoken group boundary: a stressed digit followed by another digit opens a new group. This keeps multi-group values unambiguous in speech even though the written commas are silent (g+5e3,860,4e-2).
• Digit-string groups follow the same rule: last digit of each group.
• je (decimal point): always stressed when present.
• jo / ju (percent / percentage points): always stressed when present.

Translation practice

Short drills on this Advanced band. Try each item before opening Show answer. Digitless exponents, hyperbole, and zero×exp as in the teach tables — shorthand (g+e, g+1e, x#e).

Roots used here: azawa / ululo / uhubu · agada cat · abogo book · awala walk · uzunu sing

English → Agalan

1. Cats — infinitely many.

Show answer

zagadalsh g+e.

2. One gazillion books.

Show answer

zabogolsh g+1e.

3. Finally: Azawan walks.

Show answer

x#e zazawan vawalal.

4. To infinity!

Show answer

j+e.

5. Starting with: Uhubun sings.

Show answer

x#e- zuhubun vuzunul.

6. Annihilate!

Show answer

j+0e.

Agalan → English

1. zagadalsh g+e.

Show answer

Cats — infinitely many. / +∞ cats.

2. j#e.

Show answer

Finally!

3. x#e- zululon vawalal.

Show answer

Starting with: Ululon walks.

4. zabogol g#1e.

Show answer

The gazillionth / umpteenth book.

5. zazawan vawalal h#1e.

Show answer

Azawan walks for the gazillionth time.

6. j+0e.

Show answer

Annihilate! / Wipe it!

See also

• Applied uses (labels, time, measure, ranges, percent): numbers-applied.md
• Phrase fences for ranges: coordination.md
• Scalar comparison / measured differentials: comparatives.md
• Number-word phonotactics: phonology.md
• Kind morphs (ROOTxNUM): numeric-derivation.md