Word shape and clause cheat sheet

A quick look at word endings, the clause, predication, and mid-word x. Nothing here is new: each row links to the section that teaches it. Stage: B Beginner, I Intermediate, A Advanced.

Word shape

In a sentence: role letter + root + ending. As a citation: root + ending. A greeting is n.

Endings

Ending	Means	Example	English	Stage
-l	first mention, everyday kind	azozol	swan	B
-m	first mention, published abstract	azozom	grace	B
-n	a name	azozon	Azozon	B
-r	the same one again	zazozor	Azozon (again)	B
-ln	one of a name	dazozoln	an Azozon	I
-lnx	some of a name	dazozolnx	some Azozons	I
-x after any of these	associates, or a group	zazozonx	Azozon and associates	B

What -n names, by role

-n says the thing bears the name; the role says the job.

Role	-n there	Stage
/z/ /d/ /b/	a named person, place, work, or brand	I
/v/	a named event or rite	I
/ɡ/	a named style or brand	I
/w/	a named scale or grade	I
/h/	a named standard or frame	I
/y/	call this named person	I

Names of more than one word

Shape	Example	English	Stage
Full name: given name, then family name on /ɡ/ + -n	zalon golowon vowurol.	Alon Olowon walks.	I
Full name as a citation, and its resume	alon golowon; zalon golowon; zalor	Alon Olowon; Alon (the same person)	I
Hyphenated name: roots joined by mid-word x	zaloxolowon vowurol.	Aloxolowon walks.	I
One of a full name	zaloln golowon	someone named Alon Olowon	I
Titled phrase: -n on the hook, join, or span that packages it	dedudal en dogudal	Coffee-Instead-of-Tea (a cafe)	I
Country and tradition on azabana	azabanan / gazabanam / dazabanal	Japan / Japanese / a Japanese flag	I

Reading mid-word x

After the role letter, look at both sides of the first x. A role word is not one of these: it opens with w, a scope vowel, and a part consonant (zwuzeduyol, zwuzer).

Left of x	Right of x	Reading	Example	Stage
full root	full root	one ordinary compound	zuwedaxubudal peanut butter; zaloxolowon (a hyphenated name)	B
name	a / o / e / u, then -n	conversation length	Azozon, I have time	I
longer root	a / e / o / u	ability	can't sing right now	I
hook vowels, maybe m	a stem	hook prefix	guoxuvuvul anti-fighting; gamxohalal mid-ocean	A
hook vowels, maybe m or r	a join: vowels and an ending	hooked join, landmark after it	zexual blohehal everyone at the house	A

Mid-word th is another family: a sake root and a vowel (guwathal), any other root and a vowel (label scope), or a direction root and a facing person (gewuhothazozon). After a sake root, root-shaped letters are always the emotion tail.

One thing or two

Ageben	Use	English	Stage
two words	two things, or a property marked another way	zohowel zurewel zam a hammer and a wrench; zodozel gobulol a blue dog	B
x in the middle	one thing; both roots audible	gagamaxolamal in love (the crush kind); zuwedaxubudal peanut butter; zazozoxalazun (one person)	B
dictionary word	one familiar kind, one entry	zoyahehal bedroom; zezalal sunflower	B

A dictionary compound joins its two roots with the left root's ending (-l everyday, -m abstract), never x. If the pairing is not listed, glue with x or use two words.

Ageben	English	Stage
zoheleboral	doorbell	B
zuzahalanal	textbook	B
zerulalogobal	raincoat	B
zahuyayel	friend (hug + a person tail, no second root)	A
zoyahehal	bedroom (bed + a place tail)	A

More pieces: keep English order in one word, last root the kind (zogudaxedudaxowulan Coffee-Tea-Water, one named shop).

Conversation length

Name + x + one vowel + -n, on a greeting or a call. At arrival it says how long you expect to talk; at departure, how soon you leave. The lesser bid sets the shared limit.

Form	At arrival	At departure	Stage
xan	open-ended: we can stay	none	I
xon	a few minutes	leaving soon	I
xen	one slot: one ask or comment	about to leave	I
xun	passing	leaving right now	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
Arriving	xan.	I have time; we can stay.	I
Calling with a bid	yalazuxon.	Alazun, I have a few minutes.	I
The other bid	alazuxen.	Alazun here. I only have time for one thing.	I
Leaving soon	xon.	I'm leaving soon.	I

The clause

Role letters

From the role letters table.

Letter	Job	Stage
/z/	subject: who acts	B
/d/	direct object: who is acted on	B
/b/	extra noun: recipient, or the piece after a relation word	B
/v/	verb: the action	B
/ɡ/	adjective: a property of the noun before it	B
/w/	extra detail on the next /ɡ/, /h/, or /th/ word	B
/h/	adverb: how, when, where	B
/th/	stance: how sure, how known, why, as if	B

Calls and sentence glue use /y/ and /x/.

Default order and moving words

Rule	Example	English	Stage
Subject, verb	zodozel vowurol.	A dog walks.	B
Subject, object, verb	zodozel dogozel vayebel.	A dog sees a cat.	B
/h/ and /th/ go anywhere	zodozel hadurom vowurol.	A dog walks hastily.	B
Leave out the subject: nobody is named as the doer	dazozon vayebel.	Azozon was seen.	I
Moving words changes nothing	dogozel zodozel vayebel.	A dog sees a cat.	B
Usual order by speech act: question verb second, command verb first, prohibition verb late	yel zazozon vabuvul dubogal. · yol vabuvul dubogal. · yul dubogal vabuvul.	Does Azozon punch the box? · Punch the box! · Don't punch the box.	B
Fill-ask: blank first	yel dar zazozon vayebel.	What does Azozon see?	B
Contrast one word with &	&zazozon dogozel vayebel. · zazozon &dogozel vayebel. · zazozon dogozel &vayebel.	It was Azozon who saw the cat. · It's a cat that Azozon sees. (not something else) · Azozon sees the cat. (rather than doing something else to it)	A
Cleft with no contrast: plain sentence	zazozon dogozel vayebel.	It's a cat that Azozon sees. (answering what?)	A

Describing words

Job	Example	English	Stage
Adjective after the noun	zodozel gonumul vowurol.	An angry dog walks.	B
Adjective before the noun: l after /ɡ/	glonumul zodozel	an angry dog	B
Detail on an adjective	zodozel welazem gonumul vowurol.	A very angry dog walks.	B
Stance on the whole claim	zodozel thevemem vowurol.	I doubt a dog is walking.	B

Degree words

Slot	Words	English	Stage
/w/, before an adjective or adverb	welazem	very	B
	wohalal	extremely	I
	wamezem	slightly	I
	wadowem	quite	I
	wahuram	completely	I
/h/, on the verb	hayurom	kind of	I
	herugom	again	I

The extra noun /b/

Tell the two jobs apart by the word right before the /b/ word.

Right before /b/	Job	Example	English	Stage
a /ɡ/, /h/, or /th/ word	completes that word (the host)	hewem blazozon	like Azozon	B
anything else	who receives (at most one)	zazozon vezuyol balazun.	Azozon tells Alazun.	B
a host, with /w/ first	/w/ stays before the host	welazem hewem blazozon	very like Azozon	B
a host's /b/, then /ɡ/	describes the extra noun	zagayul gorel blazozon guzemel	a guard who is the same person as sleepy Azozon	I
two relations on one noun	put one before with gl-	glorel blazozon zagayul gorel blebayol	a guard who is both Azozon and the police officer	I

A hook followed by /b/ means in / at / for, not the person who receives.

Predication

Ageben has no word for is. The kind of claim comes from the pattern.

Saying what someone is

Job	Pattern	Example	English	Stage
Quality	noun + /ɡ/	zazozon gamahum.	Azozon is challenging.	B
Belonging	noun + /ɡ/ on -m	zazozon gazabanam.	Azozon is Japanese.	B
Kind or role	noun + kind on /ɡ/	zazozon godozel.	Azozon is a dog.	B
In the middle of an event	noun + event root on /ɡ/	zazozon gowurol.	Azozon is walking.	B
Something exists	a lone new noun	zodozel.	There is a dog.	B
	a new noun + /ɡ/	zodozel gelazem.	There is a big dog.	B
Same person	gorel + /b/, side by side	zalazun gorel blazozon.	Alazun is Azozon. (one person, two names)	B
Same one again	gorel, no /b/	zalazun danal gorel varuyol.	Alazun is writing the same book. (the book already mentioned)	B
Basically the same	-m	zalazun gorem blazozon	Alazun is basically Azozon.	I
Not the same	gul after the pair	zalazun gorel blazozon gul	Alazun is not Azozon.	I
The one who is Azozon	inside a noun phrase	zeyel gorel blazozon	the person who is Azozon	I

With a name or a resumed noun, the pair is a property, not a new thing: zodozer gelazem. is The dog is big.

Hedging, denying, commanding

Job	Example	English	Stage
Not	zazozon godozel gul.	Azozon is not a dog.	I
Always	zazozon godozel hual	Azozon is always a dog.	I
Sort of	zazozon wayurom godozel.	Azozon is something of a dog.	I
Be ADJ!	yol guyulom.	Be careful!	I
Don't be ADJ	yul + /ɡ/		I

How far a label reaches

Root, mid-word th, a scope vowel, then the ending. It goes on /ɡ/, /z/, /d/, /b/, /v/, and /h/. A role word writes the same vowels right after its w.

Vowel	Reach	Example	English	Stage
thu	this episode	zazozon vulamuthul.	Azozon lied this once.	I
tho	a practiced role	zazozon vulamuthol.	Azozon lies as their craft.	I
the	this pair (/b/ follows)	zazozon gulayethem blalazun.	Azozon is a stranger to Alazun.	I
tha	a type across scenes	zalazun ganomuthal.	Alazun is an anxious type.	I

Stacked scope: pairs that start with u read like everything but (every scene, the second vowel set aside); the others read like hooks (over, using, toward).

Vowel	Reach	English	Stage
thae	the situation, not the person (over)	angry, but it's the situation	I
thao	using the role for a purpose	playing the teacher	I
thoe	toward the role	becoming a teacher	I
thua	type, except this episode	a teacher type, except this time	I
thue	type, except this pair	a teacher type, except with Alazun	I
thuo	as themselves, not in that role	not as a teacher (off duty)	I

Don't mix up

This	vs	That
zazozon godozel. Azozon is a dog (kind)		zalazun gorel blazozon. Alazun is Azozon (one person, two labels)
hewem blazozon like Azozon (/b/ completes a host)		zazozon vezuyol balazun. Azozon tells Alazun (/b/ receives)
zodozel gelazem. There is a big dog (new noun)		zodozer gelazem. The dog is big (resumed noun)
zazozon vowurol. Azozon walks (the verb)		zazozon gowurol. Azozon is walking (under way)
dazozon vayebel. Azozon was seen (no subject named)		zumen someone did it (an unnamed someone)
dazozol a swan (-l)		dazozoln an Azozon (-ln: one of the name)
zoyahehal bedroom (a dictionary word)		zuwedaxubudal peanut butter (glued with x)