Left-bound chaining
Reminder:
Intermediate sections assume you have read the beginner sections of every page.
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Complex chaining
A relation adjective and its bl- word (the same as Azozon: gorel + bl-) work as one unit after a noun. A /w/ word that grades the relation goes immediately before the /ɡ/ word, as usual. You can keep chaining: a plain adjective after that pair describes the extra noun, not the first noun. (cue: 🪙 coin: two faces of one thing.)
zagayul welazem gorel blazozon.z-guard | [[w-very | g-SAME] | bl-Azozon]
"a guard who is the very same person as Azozon"
zagayul gorel blazozon guzemel.z-guard | [g-SAME | [bl-Azozon | g-sleepy]]
"a guard who is the same person as sleepy Azozon"
The same holds after an /h/ or /th/ host: an adjective after its /b/ describes that extra noun.
zazozon vezuvel hewem blodozel gadamul.z-Azozon | v-sleep | [h-like | [bl-dog | g-tired]]
"Azozon sleeps like a tired dog."
Because a second relation after the pair would attach to the extra noun, you cannot put two relation adjectives after the same first noun. To keep both on that noun in one clause, put one before the noun with gl-; its /b/ still follows it. Otherwise use another sentence.
glorel blazozon zagayul gorel blebayol.[[gl-SAME | bl-Azozon] | z-guard] | [g-SAME | bl-police]
"a guard who is both Azozon and the police officer"
A verb can take several /h/ or /th/ units. Each plain word counts as one unit, and so does a host with its /b/ (plus any /w/ before it).
Compare with: a hook followed by /b/ means in / at / for, not the person who receives.
How much: degree words on /w/
Beginner used welazem very before an adjective. The same /w/ slot takes a few stock degree words, and each one works before an adverb as well as an adjective.
| Ageben | English | Cue |
|---|---|---|
welazem | very | 🐘: big, as a degree |
wohalal | extremely / overwhelmingly | 🌊: an ocean of it |
wamezem | slightly / a bit | 🐁: small, as a degree |
wadowem | quite / fairly | 🔉: medium volume, not loud or soft |
wahuram | completely / totally / entirely / fully | 💯: a hundred is the whole |
zodozel welazem hadurom vowurol.z-dog | [w-very | h-haste] | v-walk
"A dog walks very hastily."
zodozel wohalal gonumul vowurol.[z-dog | [w-ocean | g-angry]] | v-walk
"An extremely angry dog walks."
zodozel wamezem gonumul vowurol.[z-dog | [w-small | g-angry]] | v-walk
"A slightly angry dog walks."
zodozel wadowem gonumul vowurol.[z-dog | [w-quite | g-angry]] | v-walk
"A fairly angry dog walks."
Two stock words go in /h/ and describe the verb itself. Use hayurom kind of / sort of to hedge the action, and herugom for again.
| Ageben | English | Cue |
|---|---|---|
hayurom | kind of / sort of | 📈: some degree, not a full one |
herugom | again | 🔁: the same thing once more |
zazozon hayurom vowurol.z-Azozon | h-kind-of | v-walk
"Azozon kind of walks."
zodozel herugom veruvol.z-dog | h-again | v-run
"The dog runs again."
Leaving out who acts
English uses the passive (The cat was seen, Mistakes were made) to avoid naming who acted. Ageben simply leaves out the /z/ word. The verb and its object stay the same, and the sentence says nothing about who did it.
dazozon vayebel.d-Azozon | v-see
"Azozon was seen."
Compare with: zumen someone says that somebody did it, without saying who. With no subject at all, the sentence does not mention a doer. A missing subject never means the topic: to make the topic the doer, write zalen.
Practice
Short drills for Intermediate. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a waiting room
New words:
| English | Ageben | Cue |
|---|---|---|
| ticket | odenol | 🎫 |
| again | herugom | 🔁 from repeat: the same thing once more |
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| police | ebayol |
| guard | agayul |
| SAME | orel |
| sleepy | uzemel |
| very | welazem |
| ocean | wohalal |
| haste | hadurom |
| train | edavol |
| blue | obulol |
| stand | vuzuvel |
| umbrella | omobul |
| see | vayebel |
| find | vumewel |
English → Ageben
1. The police officer, who is the same person as sleepy Azozon, stands up.
Show answer
zebayol gorel blazozon guzemel vuzuvel.
[z-police | [g-SAME | [bl-Azozon | g-sleepy]]] | v-stand
2. Ahelan sees the train again.
Show answer
zahelan dedavol herugom vayebel.
z-Ahelan | d-train | h-again | v-see
Also correct: zahelan herugom dedavol vayebel.
3. A ticket was seen.
Show answer
dodenol vayebel.
d-ticket | v-see
4. Alazun stands up extremely hastily.
Show answer
zalazun wohalal hadurom vuzuvel.
z-Alazun | [w-ocean | h-haste] | v-stand
5. Alazun sees a very blue train.
Show answer
zalazun dedavol welazem gobulol vayebel.
z-Alazun | [d-train | [w-very | g-blue]] | v-see
Ageben → English
1. glorel blazozon zebayol gorel blagayul.
Show answer
[[gl-SAME | bl-Azozon] | z-police] | [g-SAME | bl-guard]
A police officer who is both Azozon and the guard.
2. domobul vumewel.
Show answer
d-umbrella | v-find
An umbrella was found.
3. zazozon welazem hadurom vuzuvel.
Show answer
z-Azozon | [w-very | h-haste] | v-stand
Azozon stands up very hastily.
4. zedavol herugom vuzuvel.
Show answer
z-train | h-again | v-stand
A train stands still again.
5. zahelan dodenol gorel vayebel.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | [d-ticket | g-SAME] | v-see
Ahelan sees the same ticket. (as before)
Pick one
1. Azozon sees a police officer who is the same person as sleepy Ahelan. zazozon debayol gorel blahelan guzemel vayebel. or zazozon debayol guzemel gorel blahelan vayebel.
Show answer
zazozon debayol gorel blahelan guzemel vayebel.
z-Azozon | [d-police | [g-SAME | [bl-Ahelan | g-sleepy]]] | v-see
After the gorel pair, a plain adjective describes the extra noun; before it, sleepy describes the police officer.
2. Alazun was seen. dalazun vayebel. or zalazun vayebel.
Show answer
dalazun vayebel.
d-Alazun | v-see
Leave out the subject and keep Alazun as the object; zalazun vayebel is Alazun sees.