Of-relations
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Exactly like (hewel / gewel)
Beginner used hewem / gewem for like: the event or thing resembles the model in /b/. When the match is exact (walks exactly like a duck, a house just like Azozon's), end the same relation word in -l instead: hewel on the event, gewel on a noun. The model sits in a bl- word right after it, as before, and the event or thing is still real. (cue: -l ≈ locked: the reflection matches the model line for line)
zazozon hewel bladozal vowurol.z-Azozon | [h-exactly-like | bl-duck] | v-walk
"Azozon walks exactly like a duck."
zohehal gewel blazozon.z-house | [g-exactly-like | bl-Azozon]
"A house just like Azozon's."
Related form: a degree word before hewem grades the match instead (wamezem hewem bladozal a bit like a duck).
Locative relations
Everyday in / on / at / from / toward / through / out of are extra-noun hooks. To say where someone moves from and to, use one hook for each landmark (from one, toward another), and write the source before the goal.
zazozon ul bawahol vowurol oel bedavol.z-Azozon | [from | b-station] | v-walk | [toward | b-train]
"Azozon walks from a station toward a train."
zazozon ul bohehal vowurol el bawahol.z-Azozon | [from | b-house] | v-walk | [at | b-station]
"Azozon walks from a house to a station."
zalazun ual bohehal veruvol al bedavol.z-Alazun | [out-of | b-house] | v-run | [in | b-train]
"Alazun runs out of a house into a train."
The guard in a bank uses the same hook on a noun, not a who-clause:
zagayul al babahal vehohel.z-guard | [in | b-bank] | v-sit
"A guard in a bank sits."
Between needs a root, not a hook: the position depends on two landmarks at once. Use hosted hedam (or gedam on a noun) and put both landmarks in /b/ as a join. (cue: 🥪 sandwich: the filling sits between two sides)
zalazun vehohel hedam bledavol blawahol bal.z-Alazun | v-sit | [h-between | [bl-train | bl-station | b-and]]
"Alazun sits between a train and a station."
The bl- word after the relation word is one slot. A join (bal) or a plural fills it whole: each item takes bl-, the join word needs none (bl- on it is also correct), and the landmarks do not each need their own relation word. A join with no items before it is the whole slot, so it takes bl- itself (hewem blar like what?, hewem blal like nothing). The same holds on a noun:
zazozon gedam bledavol blawahol bal vehohel.[z-Azozon | [g-between | [bl-train | bl-station | b-and]]] | v-sit
"Azozon, between a train and a station, sits."
As a plain noun, zedal is a sandwich.
Across also needs a root. The hook uel through passes through the inside of the landmark (a crowd, a tunnel). hohom goes from one edge to the far edge (a street, a river). Put the landmark in a bl- word right after it. (cue: 🌉 bridge: a bridge spans the gap)
zazozon vowurol hohom blawahol.z-Azozon | v-walk | [h-across | bl-station]
"Azozon walks across the station."
On a noun it is gohom: Azozon, across the station, sits. As a plain noun, zohol is a bridge.
Around needs a root too: the person or thing is on all sides of one landmark, like a ring. Use hosted hevam (or gevam on a noun) with the landmark in /b/. (cue: 🎠 carousel: the horses ride on all sides of the center pole)
zogozelx vehohel hevam bledavol.z-cat-x | v-sit | [h-around | bl-train]
"Cats sit around a train."
As a plain noun, zeval is a carousel. em near says only that the person or thing is close, not that it surrounds the landmark.
| Ageben | Use | English | Same root as | Cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
hedam / gedam | position between two landmarks | between | edal sandwich | 🥪: the filling sits between two sides |
hohom / gohom | path from one edge of the landmark to the far edge | across | ohol bridge | 🌉: a bridge spans the gap |
hevam / gevam | on all sides of one landmark | around | eval carousel | 🎠: the horses ride on all sides of the pole |
Compare with: a /b/ word with no relation word before it is the recipient. Like is simile. For a hammer as a swap is exchange. On behalf of Alazun is proxy.
Of relations (part of, cup of, made of, from)
English of also names how one noun sits toward another (a hand of Alazun, a teapot of tea, a house of wood, Alazun from the city). Use the same hosted pair as like: the relation word on /ɡ/ (or /h/ on the event), and the extra noun in a bl- word right after it. The /b/ word is what comes after of in English (the whole, the filling, the material, or the origin), not a recipient.
zazozon dahebal gobom blalazun vayebel.z-Azozon | [d-hand | [g-part-of | bl-Alazun]] | v-see
"Azozon sees one of Alazun's hands."
zazozon dedodal gadam bledudal vayebel.z-Azozon | [d-teapot | [g-contents | bl-tea]] | v-see
"Azozon sees a teapot full of tea."
zazozon dohehal gulom blulol vayebel.z-Azozon | [d-house | [g-material | bl-wood]] | v-see
"Azozon sees a house made of wood."
zalazun gaham blazahol vowurol.[z-Alazun | [g-origin | bl-skyline]] | v-walk
"Alazun, who is from the city, walks."
On an event, the same roots take /h/ (zazozon veyuyel hulom blulol Azozon crafts out of wood; zalazun vowurol haham blazahol Alazun walks, originating from the city). As plain nouns, the same roots name ordinary things (zobol a bone; zadal a jar; zulol wood; zahal a country).
For a piece of a mass, put the substance first and gozowum right after it. With no /b/, the whole it was cut from is left open.
zazozon dobodel gozowum vayebel.z-Azozon | [d-bread | g-division] | v-see
"Azozon sees a piece of bread."
Do not flip the pair: tea of the teapot (tea that sits in that pot) is the in hook (al), not gadam.
After a join, gobom and gaham bound the set the join covers, as SHARED words (every and none, by set). gobom gives membership, and gaham gives origin.
zual gobom bluvayal vezuvel.[z-everything | [g-part-of | bl-family]] | v-sleep
"Everyone in the family sleeps."
zual gaham bluhuham is everyone from the town. A hook after the join would be a clause extra and place the act instead.
| Ageben | Use | English | Same root as | Cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
hobom / gobom | constitutive piece | part of | obol bone | 🦴: the piece that holds the body’s shape |
hadam / gadam | filling of a vessel | contents of | adal jar | 🫙: the vessel named by what it stores |
hulom / gulom | constitution | made of | ulol wood | 🪵: the stuff the thing is made of |
haham / gaham | identity source / provenance | from (origin) | ahal country | 🗾: a map of one country as where it comes from |
hozowum / gozowum | portion cut from a whole | a piece of / a slice of | ozowul saw | 🪚: the saw cuts a piece off |
Compare with:
- Plain Azozon's, with no particular tie, is the hook
om(zodozel om bazozon). Ownership isgegunum+/b/(joins). A need from sakes on/ɡ/also says the thing is the speaker's. - Place in is the hook
al; path from is the hookul(locative relations). - A house like Azozon’s is simile (
gewem), not made of. A book for a hammer as a swap is exchange (geham). gobomis a part that belongs to the thing's structure (a bone of the body);gozowumis a piece taken off it (a slice of bread).- From as the origin of a whole kind (
#e-xROOT) is a numeric prefix, not this from, which is about one particular thing.
Practice
Short drills for Intermediate. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a train platform
New words:
| English | Ageben | Cue |
|---|---|---|
| station | awahol | 🚉 |
| house | ohehal | 🏠 |
| exactly-like | hewel | 🪞 from mirror: -l for an exact match, -m for like |
| between | hedam | 🥪 from sandwich: the filling sits between two sides |
| across | hohom | 🌉 from bridge: a bridge spans the gap |
| around | hevam | 🎠 from carousel: on all sides of the center pole |
| contents | gadam | 🫙 from jar: the vessel named by what it stores |
| origin | gaham | 🗾 from country: where it comes from |
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| duck | adozal |
| train | edavol |
| ticket | odenol |
| luggage | elobal |
| teapot | edodal |
| wine | owudal |
| ant | enezal |
| bread | obodel |
| saw | ozowul |
| smell | vonebel |
| walk | vowurol |
| run | veruvol |
| sit | vehohel |
| see | vayebel |
| find | vumewel |
English → Ageben
1. Alazun runs exactly like a duck.
Show answer
zalazun hewel bladozal veruvol.
z-Alazun | [h-exactly-like | bl-duck] | v-run
2. Ahelan walks from a house to a station.
Show answer
zahelan ul bohehal vowurol el bawahol.
z-Ahelan | [from | b-house] | v-walk | [at | b-station]
3. Azozon sits between the luggage and a train.
Show answer
zazozon vehohel hedam blelobal bledavol bal.
z-Azozon | v-sit | [h-between | [bl-luggage | bl-train | b-and]]
4. Ahelan sees a teapot full of wine.
Show answer
zahelan dedodal gadam blowudal vayebel.
z-Ahelan | [d-teapot | [g-contents | bl-wine]] | v-see
5. Alazun runs across the station.
Show answer
zalazun veruvol hohom blawahol.
z-Alazun | v-run | [h-across | bl-station]
Ageben → English
1. zahelan ual bedavol vowurol el bawahol.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | [out-of | b-train] | v-walk | [at | b-station]
Ahelan walks out of a train to the station.
2. zenezalx vehohel hevam blelobal.
Show answer
z-ant-x | v-sit | [h-around | bl-luggage]
Ants sit around the luggage.
3. zalazun dodenol gaham blawahol vumewel.
Show answer
z-Alazun | [d-ticket | [g-origin | bl-station]] | v-find
Alazun finds a ticket from the station.
4. zelobal gewel blalazun.
Show answer
z-luggage | [g-exactly-like | bl-Alazun]
Luggage just like Alazun's.
5. zalazun dobodel gozowum vonebel.
Show answer
z-Alazun | [d-bread | g-division] | v-smell
Alazun smells a piece of bread.
Pick one
1. Alazun walks like a duck. (resembles it) zalazun hewem bladozal vowurol. or zalazun hewel bladozal vowurol.
Show answer
zalazun hewem bladozal vowurol.
z-Alazun | [h-like | bl-duck] | v-walk
-m is resemblance; -l would claim an exact match.
Fix it
1. Ahelan sits between the train and the station. zahelan vehohel hedam bedavol bawahol.
Show answer
zahelan vehohel hedam bledavol blawahol bal.
z-Ahelan | v-sit | [h-between | [bl-train | bl-station | b-and]]
Both landmarks fill the one /b/ slot after hedam, so join them with bal.