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Occasions vs a dependent when
English when / if can introduce a whole sentence as the occasion (if Azozon walks). Write that with a pole word, /h/ (when) or /th/ (if), plus /b/ blarl. The main sentence stops after blarl; the next sentence is the occasion. Use a restrictor when each occasion is a word in the adverb slot; use blarl when the occasion is a full clause.
zahelan vozuyel thohem blarl zazozon vowurol.z-Ahelan | v-sing | [th-if | bl-that-clause] | z-Azozon | v-walk
"Ahelan sings if Azozon walks."
A listed restrictor occasion can also be a longer unit: an /h/ word with its /b/, or a run of adjacent /w/ words.
Compare with: only when it rains is a restrictor list (herulal hal). If Azozon walks is the stand-in pattern above.
More occasions
Beginner already used only when / never (hal), always (hual), and sometimes / anytime / some other time (har / her / hur). The rest of the same vowel map names exclusive, inclusive, not when, ranked, and leftover readings. /w/ uses that same map on the next adjective or prefix-less hook (wal / wam / wual / wuam / war / wer / wur, and the rows below). The occasion words and their restrictor count as one /h/ unit (or, on /w/, one run of words immediately before the adjective or hook they limit).
zazozon vowurol herulal hanurul hel.z-Azozon | v-walk | h-rain | h-night | h-when-one
"Azozon walks either when it rains or at night." (not both)
zalazun vezuvel herulal hozulal hael.z-Alazun | v-sleep | h-rain | h-snow | h-when-any-of
"Alazun sleeps when it rains and/or when it snows."
Set / invert / inclusive
| Ageben | Use | English (with occasions) | English (bare) | Cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
hal / ham | listed times; empty list is never | only when… (closed) / when…, among other occasions (open) | never / never, as far as I know | a ≈ add |
hel / hem | one exclusive time menu | either when A or when B (not both); hem also allows or never | e ≈ choice | |
hael / haem | any of the listed times suffices | when A and/or when B | a ≈ add the others + e ≈ choice: any listed time suffices | |
hul / hum | invert the listed times | not when… / not when…, for one | u ≈ undo | |
hual / huam | every time minus listed exceptions | always except when… | always / usually (always, as far as I know) | u ≈ undo then a ≈ add |
huel / huem | any leftover time minus listed exceptions | anytime except when… | u ≈ undo + e ≈ choice |
Compare with: hur is some leftover occasion (some other time). huel is leftover times in general (anytime except when…).
Ranked (with listed occasions)
Closed hol ranks the listed occasions: the first one listed is the preferred time. Plain hal means only when these times, with no ranking among them.
| Ageben | Use | English | Cue |
|---|---|---|---|
hol / hom | priority among occasions | preferably when A ≻ when B… (closed / open) | o ≈ rank |
haol / haom | occasions in order | first when A, then when B (closed / open) | a ≈ add + o ≈ rank |
hoel / hoem | equal frequency among occasions | as often as / equally when A and when B | o ≈ rank + e ≈ choice |
huol / huom | occasions last-first | as a last resort when A (one occasion); several run last-listed first (closed / open) | u ≈ undo + o ≈ rank |
zazozon vowurol hebeham hanurul hol.z-Azozon | v-walk | h-weekend | h-night | h-when-ranked
"Azozon walks preferably on weekends, or else at night."
One occasion before huol is the last resort: the claim counts there, but only when nothing better applies. With several, the order reverses, as with zuol: the last one listed is the most preferred, so herulal hanurul huol makes night the first choice and rain the last. On /w/ the same words limit the next adjective (wuol / wuom).
zazozon vowurol herulal huol.z-Azozon | v-walk | h-rain | h-when-last
"When it rains, Azozon walks only as a last resort."
Unspecified-member (-r)
Statement readings below. Asking when: When?.
| Ageben | Use | English (with occasions) | English (bare) | Cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
har | unspecified member of the listed times | sometimes among these | sometimes | -r some member |
her | unspecified member of a one-choice time menu | anytime among these | anytime | e ≈ choice + -r |
hur | unspecified leftover occasion | some time other than these | some other time | u ≈ undo + -r |
hor | unspecified first-ranked occasion | at whichever of these ranks first | at the preferred time | o ≈ rank + -r |
Under a question, hor asks which time ranks first: When's best? With occasions before it, the listener picks the one they prefer.
yel hor zayan vowurol.y-question | h-when-best | z-interlocutors | v-walk
"When's best for us to walk?"
zazozon werulal wanurul wel guzemel.z-Azozon | [w-rain | w-night | w-when-one | g-sleepy]
"Azozon is sleepy either when it rains or at night." (not both)
Practice
Short drills for Intermediate. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a mountain trail
New words:
| English | Ageben | Cue |
|---|---|---|
| climb | voguvol | 🧗 |
| snow | ozulal | 🌨️ |
| fog | ovulul | 🌫️ |
| ice | uzulel | 🧊 |
| fall | voduhol | ⏬ from down |
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| interlocutors | ayan |
| rain | erulal |
| night | anurul |
| thunderstorm | anulul |
| sleepy | uzemel |
| walk | vowurol |
| run | veruvol |
| sleep | vezuvel |
English → Ageben
1. Azozon climbs either when it snows or at night. (not both)
Show answer
zazozon voguvol hozulal hanurul hel.
z-Azozon | v-climb | h-snow | h-night | h-when-one
2. Alazun climbs when it rains and/or when it's foggy.
Show answer
zalazun voguvol herulal hovulul hael.
z-Alazun | v-climb | h-rain | h-fog | h-when-any-of
3. Ahelan walks, but not when it's icy.
Show answer
zahelan vowurol huzulel hul.
z-Ahelan | v-walk | h-ice | h-not-when
4. Azozon climbs preferably when it snows, or else when it rains.
Show answer
zazozon voguvol hozulal herulal hol.
z-Azozon | v-climb | h-snow | h-rain | h-when-ranked
5. When's best for us to climb?
Show answer
yel hor zayan voguvol.
y-question | h-when-best | z-interlocutors | v-climb
6. Alazun falls if Azozon runs.
Show answer
zalazun voduhol thohem blarl zazozon veruvol.
z-Alazun | v-fall | [th-if | bl-that-clause] | z-Azozon | v-run
Ageben → English
1. zahelan vowurol hovulul huel.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | v-walk | h-fog | h-anytime-except
Ahelan walks anytime except in fog.
2. zazozon voguvol hozulal hanurul haol.
Show answer
z-Azozon | v-climb | h-snow | h-night | h-when-in-order
Azozon climbs first when it snows, then at night.
3. zalazun vowurol huzulel huol.
Show answer
z-Alazun | v-walk | h-ice | h-when-last
When it's icy, Alazun walks only as a last resort.
4. zazozon wozulal wanurul wel guzemel.
Show answer
z-Azozon | [w-snow | w-night | w-when-one | g-sleepy]
Azozon is sleepy either when it snows or at night. (not both)
5. zahelan voguvol herulal hovulul hoel.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | v-climb | h-rain | h-fog | h-equally-when
Ahelan climbs as often in rain as in fog.
6. zalazun voguvol hanulul hem.
Show answer
z-Alazun | v-climb | h-thunderstorm | h-when-one.open
Alazun climbs during a thunderstorm, or never.
Pick one
1. Azozon sleeps when it rains and/or when it snows. zazozon vezuvel herulal hozulal hael. or zazozon vezuvel herulal hozulal hel.
Show answer
zazozon vezuvel herulal hozulal hael.
z-Azozon | v-sleep | h-rain | h-snow | h-when-any-of
hael lets both count; hel says one or the other, not both.
2. Ahelan climbs preferably when it's foggy. zahelan voguvol hovulul hol. or zahelan voguvol hovulul hal.
Show answer
zahelan voguvol hovulul hol.
z-Ahelan | v-climb | h-fog | h-when-ranked
Rank hol names the preferred time; hal would say only when foggy.
Fix it
1. Ahelan sleeps if Azozon climbs. zahelan vezuvel hal barl zazozon voguvol.
Show answer
zahelan vezuvel thohem blarl zazozon voguvol.
z-Ahelan | v-sleep | [th-if | bl-that-clause] | z-Azozon | v-climb
A restrictor lists occasion words; a whole sentence as the occasion takes a pole word and blarl.