Here and there
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Somewhere, nowhere, everywhere
For English somewhere, nowhere, and everywhere, put a standalone join in the /b/ slot after a place hook. Outside a question, bar is an unspecified member (somewhere), the same way zar is someone. Under yel, it is the where? blank.
| Ageben | English |
|---|---|
el bar | somewhere (under yel: where?) |
el bur | somewhere else |
el bal | nowhere |
el bual | everywhere |
zazozon vowurol el bual.z-Azozon | v-walk | [at | b-everything]
"Azozon walks everywhere."
zodozel vezuvel el bal.z-dog | v-sleep | [at | b-none]
"The dog sleeps nowhere."
Here and there, this and that
English here, there, this, and that point at things by their distance from the speaker. Ageben points from a person in the conversation instead: put a place hook before the speaker, listener, or interlocutors in /b/.
Names come first. When you know who is talking or listening, use their name as the landmark (em bazozon near Azozon). Use speaker and listener when the conversation role itself matters, or when you have no name to use.
| Ageben | Landmark | English |
|---|---|---|
em buwen | near the speaker | here / this |
em bawan | near the listener | there / that (by you) |
em bayan | near both of you | here (with us) |
um bayan | away from both of you | over there / yonder |
Use el in place of em for the exact spot (el buwen right where I am).
zodozel em buwen vehohel.z-dog | [near | b-speaker] | v-sit
"This dog sits here by me."
zazozon danal em bawan vayebel.z-Azozon | d-book | [near | b-listener] | v-see
"Azozon sees that book by you."
zalazun vezuvel um bayan.z-Alazun | v-sleep | [away-from | b-interlocutors]
"Alazun sleeps over there." (away from both you and me)
English come and go also point from a person, but they hide which one: I'm coming moves toward the listener, not the speaker. Ageben names the landmark with the plain motion verb vavobol (go) and a path hook: oel (toward) for come, ul (from) for go away. vavobol says nothing about how someone travels; use vowurol (walk) or veruvol (run) only when the manner matters.
zazozon vavobol oel buwen.z-Azozon | v-go | [toward | b-speaker]
"Azozon comes over to me."
zalazun vavobol oel bawan.z-Alazun | v-go | [toward | b-listener]
"Alazun is coming to you."
zazozon vavobol ul buwen.z-Azozon | v-go | [from | b-speaker]
"Azozon goes away from me."
With an object, vavobol moves something else: zazozon vavobol dehohel. Azozon moves the chair. When the mover goes along with the thing, use velobal (carry). The same hooks then give English bring and take:
zazozon velobal dubogal oel buwen.z-Azozon | v-carry | d-box | [toward | b-speaker]
"Azozon brings me the box."
zazozon velobal dubogal ul buwen.z-Azozon | v-carry | d-box | [from | b-speaker]
"Azozon takes the box away." (away from where I am)
In reported speech, the speaker is still whoever says the whole sentence. After that (darl, see dependents), em buwen is near the person talking now. Inside a quoted cite span, the quoted person is the speaker, as in English direct quotes.
Compare with: that dog for a dog already named is resume -r (zodozer), not a place.
Practice
Short drills for Beginner. Try each item before opening Show answer.
Setting: a hostel desk
New words:
| English | Ageben | Cue |
|---|---|---|
| luggage | elobal | 🧳 |
| dog | odozel | 🐕 |
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| speaker | uwen |
| listener | awan |
| interlocutors | ayan |
| key | egewol |
| sit | vehohel |
| find | vumewel |
| see | vayebel |
| sleep | vezuvel |
English → Ageben
1. The luggage is here. (near me)
Show answer
zelobal em buwen.
z-luggage | [near | b-speaker]
2. Alazun sleeps over there. (away from both of you)
Show answer
zalazun vezuvel um bayan.
z-Alazun | v-sleep | [away-from | b-interlocutors]
3. Azozon sits here with us.
Show answer
zazozon vehohel em bayan.
z-Azozon | v-sit | [near | b-interlocutors]
Ageben → English
1. zalazun degewol vumewel el bal.
Show answer
z-Alazun | d-key | v-find | [at | b-none]
Alazun doesn't find the key anywhere.
2. zahelan delobal em bawan vayebel.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | d-luggage | [near | b-listener] | v-see
Ahelan sees that luggage by you.
3. zodozel em buwen vehohel.
Show answer
z-dog | [near | b-speaker] | v-sit
This dog sits here by me.
Pick one
1. The key is right where I am. zegewol el buwen. or zegewol em buwen.
Show answer
zegewol el buwen.
z-key | [at | b-speaker]
el is the exact spot; em is near me (here).
Fix it
1. Azozon sits everywhere. zazozon vehohel ol bor.
Show answer
zazozon vehohel el bual.
z-Azozon | v-sit | [at | b-everything]
bual is everywhere; ber asks anywhere? under a question, or means any place will do.