Hook compounds
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Hook compounds (cite + extra-noun hook)
English has single verbs for moving in relation to a place: enter, leave, oppose. Ageben makes them by fusing an extra-noun hook onto the end of a citation: walk + from (vowurol ul bawahol walks from a station) becomes one word, leave. Every hook in the extra-noun grid can fuse this way.
Keep the left word’s own -l or -m, then write the hook, with no mid-word x. The dictionary form is the citation (no role letter), because the same stem can sit under /z/ or /ɡ/ as well as /v/.
The left word is always a five-letter root from the dictionary. Three-letter roots never fuse, so a word that starts with one is never a hook compound; to say from a map, use the two words.
CITE + HOOK
owurol + ul → owurolulIn a clause, add a role letter to that citation (vowurolul). The extra participant is an ordinary object (/d/), not /b/ (that would still be a recipient after a verb).
zazozon dawahol vowurolul.z-Azozon | d-station | v-leave
"Azozon leaves a station."
owurolulleave
"leave" (the dictionary form)
The left ending is part of the stem, so two different left roots stay distinct once the hook is attached. In speech that ending starts the hook's syllable, so no consonant closes a syllable mid-word: owurolul is o-wu-ro-lul.
| Hook | Free extra-noun | Fused -l | Fused -l, abstract /d/ | Fused -m | Citation (from walk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
al / am | in / amid | enter | enter a crisis | mill amid | owurolal / owurolam |
ael / aem | on / over | mount | take up a policy | cover | owurolaol / owurolaom |
el / em | at / near | attend | attend to an issue | adjoin | owurolol / owurolom |
oel / oem | toward / in the direction of | head for | head for a habit | orient | owuroloel / owuroloem |
ul / um | from / away from | leave | leave a heritage behind | recede | owurolul / owurolum |
ual / uam | out of / out from among | exit | get out of debt | pick out | owurolual / owuroluam |
uel / uem | through / by way of | traverse | get through a crisis | relay | owuroluol / owuroluom |
ol / om | for / used by | serve | serve a policy | have in use | owurolel / owurolem |
aol / aom | using / by | wield | wield a tradition | channel | owurolael / owurolaem |
uol / uom | against / contrary to | oppose | oppose a policy | defy | owuroluel / owuroluem |
An abstract object keeps the hook's picture, as on the free hook:
zazozon dabowum vowuroluol.z-Azozon | d-catastrophe | v-traverse
"Azozon gets through the crisis."
zalazun dedudal vowurolel.z-Alazun | d-tea | v-serve
"Alazun serves tea."
Other roots fuse the same way: vezuyoluel contradict is tell fused with against. The dictionary lists these words as citations (owurolul, not vowurolul).
Compare with: vowurol ul bawahol still walks from a station as two words. Same-role including / rather / instead / except never fuse; they are always separate hook words. A lexical compound like doorbell glues two content roots with a join letter; this glues a citation to an extra-noun hook.
Hook prefixes (hook + x + stem)
English builds describing words from a relation and a thing: anti-war, indoor, transoceanic, water-powered. In Ageben, write the role letter, then the vowels of an extra-noun hook, then x, then a stem, then the ending. The stem is the hook's landmark, and the word names something that stands in that relation to it: guoxuvuvul is against fighting as one word. Where the free hook needs its own /b/ word after the noun, the prefix packs the relation into a single word, so it can describe a noun, fill any noun slot, and become a dictionary word. (cue: x ≈ plus, the hyphen in anti-war)
zazozon guoxuvuvul.z-Azozon | g-against-x-fight
"Azozon is anti-fighting."
zahaval gaoxowulal.z-ship | g-using-x-water
"The ship is water-powered."
Plain x spells the hook's -l reading. An m right before the x picks the hook's -m frame, the same m that turns uol into uom: guomxawulol is contrary to the wind, headed into it. The stem keeps its own sense choice: -l for the concrete sense, -m for the abstract one, read the way an abstract landmark reads after a free hook.
zazozon guomxawulol.z-Azozon | g-contrary-to-x-wind
"Azozon is headed into the wind."
| Hook | Prefix | Concrete stem | Abstract stem |
|---|---|---|---|
al in | …ax… | gaxohehal indoor | gaxabowum mid-crisis |
ael on | …aox… | gaexohalal seagoing | gaexonam on-policy |
el at | …ox… | gexohehal at the house | gexobevam at issue |
oel toward | …oex… | goexohehal houseward | goexuzebum habit-forming |
ul from | …ux… | guxohehal from the house | guxuzobam heritage-derived |
ual out of | …uax… | guaxowulal out of the water | guaxaram debt-free |
uel through | …uox… | guexohalal transoceanic | guexabowum crisis-spanning |
ol for | …ex… | goxohehal household | goxonam pro-policy |
aol using | …aex… | gaoxowulal water-powered | gaoxogarem tradition-based |
uol against | …uex… | guoxohalal sea-facing (a seawall) | guoxonam anti-policy |
| Hook | Prefix | Concrete stem | Abstract stem |
|---|---|---|---|
am amid | …amx… | gamxohalal mid-ocean | gamxabowum crisis-era |
aem over | …aomx… | gaemxohalal over the ocean (a flight) | gaemxonam policy-covered |
em near | …omx… | gemxohehal near the house | gemxobevam problem-adjacent |
oem in the direction of | …oemx… | goemxohehal facing the house | goemxuzebum habit-leaning |
um away from | …umx… | gumxohehal away from the house | gumxuzebum habit-shedding |
uam out from among | …uamx… | guamxegayal picked from the group | guamxegayam community-drawn |
uem by way of | …uomx… | guemxohol bridge-routed | guemxawulom influence-routed |
om used by | …emx… | gomxegayal group-owned | gomxegayam community-held |
aom by | …aemx… | gaomxorahol road-borne | gaomxonam policy-channeled |
uom contrary to | …uemx… | guomxawulol headwind | guomxonam off-policy |
A pair differs the way the free hooks do: gexohehal at the house is there, and gemxohehal near the house is only close to it.
The role letter is the word's slot, as on any content word:
| Role letter | The word names | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
/ɡ/ | a property: in that relation to the stem | goxogobem | body-positive |
/z/ /d/ /b/ | someone or something in that relation | zuoxuvuvul | an opponent of fighting |
/h/ | how the clause stands to the stem | hoexohehal | houseward (of the movement) |
zuoxuvuvul vowurol.z-against-x-fight | v-walk
"An opponent of fighting walks."
zazozon vowurol hoexohehal.z-Azozon | v-walk | h-toward-x-house
"Azozon walks houseward."
The stem may be an ordinary compound (guoxohehaxowurol against walking in houses) or a hook compound citation:
zalazun guoxowurolul.z-Alazun | g-against-x-leave
"Alazun is against leaving."
Label scope goes after the stem, as on any word, and -r resumes the whole word:
zalazun guoxuvuvuthul.z-Alazun | g-against-x-fight-th-episode
"Alazun is against fighting this time."
zuoxuvuvul vowurol. zuoxuvuvur vezuvel.z-against-x-fight | v-walk . z-←against-x-fight | v-sleep
"An opponent of fighting walks. That opponent sleeps."
A common hook prefix can enter the dictionary as a citation, with no role letter (uoxuvuvul). In speech x starts the stem's first syllable (gue-xa-vu-vul); with mx, the m closes the hook's syllable (guem-xe-wu-lel).
Compare with: the free hook keeps the landmark as its own word: zumen uol boduvul vowurol. is someone against the duel walks, and a later boduvur points back to that duel. The prefix makes one word for a kind: zuoxoduvul vowurol. is an opponent of dueling walks, with no landmark to point back to.
Practice
Short drills for Advanced. Try each item before opening Show answer. Each fused verb is a citation plus a hook from the extra-noun grid (walk + from is leave), and each hook prefix is the hook's vowels, x or mx, then a stem.
Setting: a ferry slip
New words:
| English | Ageben | Cue |
|---|---|---|
| ship | ahaval | 🚢 |
| anchor | awul | ⚓ |
Review:
| English | Ageben |
|---|---|
| Azozon | azozon |
| Alazun | alazun |
| Ahelan | ahelan |
| walk | vowurol |
| boat | onaval |
| guard | agayul |
| fog | ovulul |
| ocean | ohalal |
English → Ageben
1. Azozon leaves a boat.
Show answer
zazozon donaval vowurolul.
z-Azozon | d-boat | v-leave
2. Alazun heads for the anchor.
Show answer
zalazun dawul vowuroloel.
z-Alazun | d-anchor | v-head-for
3. The ship is transoceanic.
Show answer
zahaval guexohalal.
z-ship | g-through-x-ocean
Ageben → English
1. dovulul zalazun vowurolul.
Show answer
d-fog | z-Alazun | v-leave
Alazun leaves the fog.
2. zahelan vowurol hoexahaval.
Show answer
z-Ahelan | v-walk | h-toward-x-ship
Ahelan walks shipward.
3. zalazun guoxagayul.
Show answer
z-Alazun | g-against-x-guard
Alazun is anti-guard.
Pick one
1. Azozon enters the ship. zazozon dahaval vowurolal. or zazozon bahaval vowurolal.
Show answer
zazozon dahaval vowurolal.
z-Azozon | d-ship | v-enter
A fused verb takes its extra participant as an ordinary object, /d/; after a verb, /b/ is a recipient.
2. Ahelan is anti-guard. zahelan guoxagayul. or zahelan uol bagayul.
Show answer
zahelan guoxagayul.
z-Ahelan | g-against-x-guard
The prefix makes one word for that kind; a free hook after the noun would keep the guard as a separate landmark.